Povidone iodine
Synonym(s):Povadyne antiseptic;PVP-I
- CAS NO.:25655-41-8
- Empirical Formula: C6H9I2NO
- Molecular Weight: 364.95
- MDL number: MFCD00084483
- EINECS: 607-771-8
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2024-05-16 10:38:43
What is Povidone iodine?
Absorption
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not absorbed.
Toxicity
ORAL (LD50): Acute: 8000 mg/kg [Rat]. 8100 mg/kg [Mouse]
Description
Povidone iodine is iodophor, used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. A 10% povidone iodine solution contains 1% available iodine, but free-iodine is at 0.1% concentration. Skin exposure causes irritant rather than allergic contact dermatitis. In such a situation, however, iodine seems to be the true hapten.
The Uses of Povidone iodine
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex is used as a slow iodine release formulation that iodinates lipids and oxidizes cell compounds such as tyrosine side chains. It is utilized to study microbial decontamination of human donor eyes as well as inactivation of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. It is also used as a carbon nanotube coating agent to enhance water solubility. It serves as a topical antiseptic in surgery, as an aerosol for skin and mucous membrane infections and is used to prevent infection in wounds.
What are the applications of Application
Povidone iodine is an antiseptic agent
Background
Povidone-iodine is a stable chemical complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone, PVP) and elemental iodine. It contains from 9.0% to 12.0% available iodine, calculated on a dry basis. This unique complex was discovered in 1955 at the Industrial Toxicology Laboratories in Philadelphia by H. A. Shelanski and M. V. Shelanski. During in vitro testing to demonstrate anti-bacterial activity it was found that the complex was less toxic in mice than tincture of iodine. Human clinical trials showed the product to be superior to other iodine formulations. Povidone-iodine was immediately marketed, and has since become the universally preferred iodine antiseptic.
Indications
For topical application in the treatment and prevention of infection in wounds.
Pharmacokinetics
Povidone iodine is a kind of iodine disinfectant which directly cause in vivo protein denaturation, precipitation of bacteria, and further resulting in the death of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is effective in disinfection and sterilization. It can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa with low toxicity to human. Povidone-iodine aqueous solution has strong pharmacological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Trichomonas vaginalis.
Povidone iodine gel is a gynecological topical semi-mobile colloidal agent made by povidone iodine and hydrophilic matrix. It is a system for maintaining its sustained release. Owing to the continuous release of free iodine, it can enable the skin and mucous membranes to maintain a certain effective concentration of iodine for killing bacteria. It is mainly used for gynecological vaginal infection. It exerted its effect through being miscible with vaginal secretions and further killing the inside pathogenic microorganisms, and thus blocking the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and invasion, as well as treating other infected vaginal diseases caused by other kinds of bacteria.
Published reports on the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of iodophors demonstrate that iodophors are bactericidal, mycobactericidal, and virucidal but can require prolonged contact times to kill certain fungi and bacterial spores. Three brands of povidone-iodine solution have demonstrated more rapid kill (seconds to minutes) of S. aureus and M. chelonae at a 1:100 dilution than did the stock solution. The virucidal activity of 75–150 ppm available iodine was demonstrated against seven viruses. Other investigators have questioned the efficacy of iodophors against poliovirus in the presence of organic matter and rotavirus in distilled or tapwater. Manufacturers' data demonstrate that commercial iodophors are not sporicidal, but they are tuberculocidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and bactericidal at their recommended use-dilution.
Metabolism
Povidone-Iodine is not absorbed or metabolized.
Properties of Povidone iodine
Melting point: | 300 °C |
storage temp. | Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature |
solubility | H2O: soluble100mg/mL |
form | Powder |
color | Yellow-brown |
Water Solubility | Soluble in water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol. Insoluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, hexane, acetone and petroleum ether. |
Safety information for Povidone iodine
Signal word | Danger |
Pictogram(s) |
Corrosion Corrosives GHS05 Environment GHS09 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H315:Skin corrosion/irritation H318:Serious eye damage/eye irritation H411:Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P273:Avoid release to the environment. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P302+P352:IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing. P332+P313:IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
Computed Descriptors for Povidone iodine
InChIKey | FAAHNQAYWKTLFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
SMILES | II.C(N1CCCC1=O)=C |
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