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HomeProduct name listPhosphorous acid

Phosphorous acid

  • CAS NO.:13598-36-2
  • Empirical Formula: H3O3P
  • Molecular Weight: 82
  • MDL number: MFCD00137258
  • EINECS: 237-066-7
  • SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
  • Update Date: 2024-10-31 18:15:48
Phosphorous acid Structural

What is Phosphorous acid?

Description

Phosphorous acid, H3PO3, is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula. Phosphorous acid is as an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorous compounds. Because preparation and uses of “phosphorous acid” actually pertain more to the major tautomer, phosphonic acid, it is more often referred to as “phosphorous acid”. Phosphorous acid has the chemical formula H3PO3, which is best expressed as HPO(OH)2 to show its diprotic character. P(OH)3 (IUPAC: phosphorous acid) has CAS number 10294-56-1. It has been shown to be a stable tautomer.

Chemical properties

Phosphorous acid is a white crystalline deliquescent solid that can be prepared by the action of water on phosphorus( III) oxide or phosphorus(III) chloride. It is a dibasic acid producing the anions H2PO3- and HPO3 2- in water. The acid and its salts are slow reducing agents. On warming, phosphonic acid decomposes to phosphine and phosphoric(V) acid. Phosphorus acid is used to prepare phosphite salts. It is usually sold as a 20% aqueous solution.

Physical properties

White crystalline mass; deliquescent; garlic-like odor; density 1.651 g/cm3 at 21°C; melts at 73.6°C; decomposes at 200°C to phosphine and phosphoric acid; soluble in water, about 310 g/100mL; K1 5.1x10-2 and K2 1.8x10-7; soluble in alcohol.

The Uses of Phosphorous acid

Phosphorous acid is used to produce the fertilizer phosphate salt like potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite and calcium phosphite. It is actively involved in the preparation of phosphites like aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic Acid (PBTC), which find application in water treatment as a scale or corrosive inhibitor. It is also used in chemical reactions as a reducing agent. Its salt, lead phosphite is used as PVC stabilizer. It is also used as a precursor in the preparation of phosphine and as an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.

What are the applications of Application

Phosphorous acid is a useful acid for proteomics research

Definition

ChEBI: Phosphorous acid is a phosphorus oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenphosphite. It is a tautomer of a phosphonic acid.

Preparation

Phosphorus acid can be prepared by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride with water:
PCl3 + 3H2O → H3PO4 + 3HCl
The reaction is violent. Addition of PCl3 should be extremely cautious and slow. The addition can be carried out safely in the presence of concentrated HCl. Alternatively, a stream of air containing PCl3 vapor is passed into icecold water and solid crystals of H3PO4 form.
Alternatively, phosphorus acid can be prepared by adding phosphorus trichloride to anhydrous oxalic acid:
PCl3 + 3(COOH)2 → H3PO3 + 3CO + 3CO2 + 3HCl
In this reaction, all products except H3PO3 escape as gases leaving the liquid acid.
Dissolution of phosphorus sesquioxide in water also forms phosphorus acid. When shaken with ice water, phosphorus acid is the only product .
P4O6 + 6H2O → 4H3PO3
However, in hot water part of the phosphorus acid disproportionates to phosphoric acid and phosphorus or phosphine.

What are the applications of Application

Phosphorous acid (H3PO3, orthophosphorous acid) may be used as one of the reaction components for the synthesis of the following:
α-aminomethylphosphonic acids via Mannich-Type Multicomponent Reaction
1-aminoalkanephosphonic acids via amidoalkylation followed by hydrolysis
N-protected α-aminophosphonic acids (phospho-isosteres of natural amino acids) via amidoalkylation reaction

General Description

Phosphorous acid appears as a white or yellow crystalline solid (melting point 70.1 deg C) or a solution of the solid. Density 1.651 g /cm3 . Contact may severely irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.

Air & Water Reactions

Deliquescent. Absorbs oxygen from the air very readily to form phosphoric acid [Hawley]. Soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Phosphorous acid decomposes when heated to form phosphine, a gas that usually ignites spontaneously in air. Absorbs oxygen from the air to form phosphoric acid [Hawley]. Forms yellow deposits in aqueous solution that are spontaneously flammable upon drying. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (for example: amines and inorganic hydroxides) to form salts. These reactions can generate dangerously large amounts of heat in small spaces. Dissolution in water or dilution of a concentrated solution with additional water may generate significant heat. Reacts in the presence of moisture with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas. Can initiate the polymerization of certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents. Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (to give SO2), and carbonates (to give CO2).

Health Hazard

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

Flammability and Explosibility

Non flammable

Industrial uses

This collector was developed recently and was used primarily as specific collector for cassiterite from ores with complex gangue composition.On the basis of the phosphonic acid, Albright and Wilson had developed a range of collectors mainly for flotation of oxidic minerals (i.e. cassiterite, ilmenite and pyrochlore). Very little is known about the performance of these collectors. Limited studies conducted with cassiterite and rutile ores showed that some of these collectors produce voluminous froth but were very selective.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition at 200℃ it emits toxic fumes of POx and phosphme whch may ignite. See also PHOSPHINE.

Properties of Phosphorous acid

Melting point: 73 °C
Boiling point: 200 °C
Density  1.651 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure  0.001Pa at 20℃
Flash point: 200°C
storage temp.  0-6°C
solubility  DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water (Sparingly)
pka pK1 1.29; pK2 6.74(at 25℃)
form  Crystals
Specific Gravity 1.651
color  White
Water Solubility  SOLUBLE
Sensitive  Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck  14,7346
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong bases. Hygroscopic.
CAS DataBase Reference 13598-36-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference (HO)2HPO(13598-36-2)
EPA Substance Registry System Phosphonic acid (13598-36-2)

Safety information for Phosphorous acid

Signal word Danger
Pictogram(s)
ghs
Corrosion
Corrosives
GHS05
ghs
Exclamation Mark
Irritant
GHS07
GHS Hazard Statements H290:Corrosive to Metals
H302:Acute toxicity,oral
H314:Skin corrosion/irritation
Precautionary Statement Codes P234:Keep only in original container.
P270:Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P301+P312:IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P303+P361+P353:IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Computed Descriptors for Phosphorous acid

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