Capastat sulfate

Description

Capreomycin is a polypeptide antibiotic first isolated from S. capreolus. It is cytotoxic to M. tuberculosis (MIC = 10 μg/ml). Capreomycin is more effective against M. tuberculosis when combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Originator

Capastat,Lilly,UK,1966

The Uses of Capastat sulfate

antibacterial, tuberculostatic

The Uses of Capastat sulfate

Capreomycin sulfate is a salt of a complex of cyclic pentopeptides isolated from Streptomyces capreolus, first reported in 1962. The sulfate salt is the most commonly accessible formulation of capreomycin and is used for pharmaceutical applications. The complex has two major components, IA and IB, with an exocyclic lysine residue, and two minor delysinyl components, IIA and IIB. Capreomycin is a potent antibiotic with activity against mycobateria, and Gram positive and negative organisms. Capreomycin acts by binding to the 23S ribosomal subunit, disrupting protein synthesis.

The Uses of Capastat sulfate

Thought to inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting normal ribosomal functions

What are the applications of Application

Capreomycin sulfate from Streptomyces capreolus is a cyclic peptide antibiotic that is often grouped with aminoglycosides

Manufacturing Process

A culture of NRRL 2773 is produced by growing the organism on a nutrient agar slant having the following composition:
Oatmeal-Tomato Paste Agar
Tomato paste 20Grams
Precooked oatmeal 20Grams
Agar 15Grams
Tap water, added to make a final volume of 1 liter.
The slant is inoculated with spores of NRRL 2773 and is incubated for 10 days at about 30°C. The culture growth on the slant is covered with 6 ml of nutrient broth, and the slant is scraped gently to remove the organisms to provide an aqueous suspension. Employing aseptic techniques, the inoculum obtained from one 1-inch agar slant is used to inoculate a 2-liter Erlenmeyer flask containing a 500-ml portion of a sterilized vegetative culture medium having the following composition: soluble starch, 10 g; peptones, 5 g; beef extract, 5 g; sodium chloride, 5 g; yeast extract, 2.5 g; and tap water, 1,100 ml. The incubation is carried on at 28°C for 48 hours with shaking at 250 cycles per minute on a rotary shaker having a 1-inch stroke.
To produce a larger quantity of vegetative inoculum, 500 ml of the vegetative inoculum is added aseptically to a stainless steel 350-gallon fermentation tank containing 250 gallons of sterile medium having the following composition (weight/volume): glucose, 1.5%; yeast, 1.5%; and antifoam (Polyglycol No. 2000, Dow Chemical Co.), 0.02%. The inoculum is allowed to grow for about 22 hours at a temperature of 30°C. Throughout the growth period, the medium is aerated with sterile air at the rate of 17 cfm and is agitated with two 16-inch impellers rotating at 160 revolutions per minute. To a 1,700- gallon stainless steel fermentor are added 1,100 gallons of a medium having the following composition (weight/volume):
Peptone No. 159 Medium
Glucose 2.5%
Molasses 1.0%
Peptones 4.0%
Calcium carbonate 0.2%
Hydrolyzed casein 0.6%
Antifoam (Polyglycol No. 2000, Dow Chemical Co.) 0.005
The medium after sterilization is inoculated with 100 gallons of the inoculum grown in the fermentation tank. The fermentation is carried on at 30°C for about five days. The foam is controlled by the addition, when needed, of Larex No. 1 (an antifoam product, Swift and Co.). Throughout the fermentation, the medium is aerated by the addition of sterile air at the rate of 96 cfm and is agitated with two 22-inch impellers operated at 140 revolutions per minute. At the end of the fermentation, 240 lb of Dicalite 476 (a perlite filter product, Great Lakes Carbon Corporation) are added to 1,000 gallons of the antibiotic broth, and the mixture is stirred and filtered. The filter cake is washed with tap water and the wash water and the filtrate are combined to provide a total volume of 1,000 gallons.
To 500 gallons of the combined liquids are added 132 lb of Darco G-60. The mixture is stirred thoroughly and filtered, and the filtrate is discarded, The carbon filter cake is washed with 200 liters of tap water, the wash water being discarded. The washed carbon cake on which the capreomycin is adsorbed is further washed with 200 liters of 0.05 N aqueous hydrochloric acid. The acid wash is discarded. The washed carbon cake is eluted during a one-hour period with 400 liters of an aqueous acetone mixture containing 1.65 liters of 11.7 N hydrochloric acid and 80 liters of acetone. The filter cake is further eluted by washing the cake with 200 liters of an aqueous acetone mixture containing 825 ml of 11.7 N hydrochloric acid and 40 liters of acetone during a 15- minute period. The combined eluates, having a total volume of 575 liters, are concentrated in vacuo to 52.5 liters.
The concentrate is added with stirring to 525 liters of acetone and the acetone mixture is permitted to stand overnight at room temperature, during which time an oily precipitate of capreomycin separates. The supernatant is decanted and discarded, and the oily precipitate which remains is dissolved in 20 liters of distilled water. The aqueous solution is concentrated in vacuo to 12 liters to remove any residual acetone. The aqueous concentrate containing capreomycin is filtered to remove a small amount of a precipitate, which is discarded.
The filtrate containing the capreomycin is added to 240 liters of methanol with stirring. The methanolic solution of capreomycin is acidified by the addition of one liter of 10 N sulfuric acid, whereupon the precipitation of the sulfuric acid addition salt of capreomycin commences. The mixture is permitted to stand overnight for more complete precipitation. The supernatant is removed by decanting and filtering. The precipitate, consisting of the capreomycin disulfate, is washed with 10 liters of methanol and is dried in vacuo. Yield: 2,510 grams.

brand name

Capastat Sulfate (Lilly).

Therapeutic Function

Antitubercular

General Description

Capreomycin was found as an antituberculotic antibiotic by Herr et al. of Eli Lilly & Co. in the culture broth of Streptomyces capreolus NRRL2773 in 1962. It shows no cross-resistance with streptomycin and is used against tuberculosis caused by streptomycinresistant Mycobacterium or for patients with adverse side effects caused by streptomycin.