Vancomycin hydrochloride

Description

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic identified for its utility in the treatment of gram-positive bacteria, including penicillin-resistant staphylococci. It acts by binding to bacterial cell wall protein precursors, interfering with continuing protein synthesis. Vancomycin resistance in staphylococcal species has recently emerged as a clinical issue.

Chemical properties

off white powder

The Uses of Vancomycin hydrochloride

Vancomycin hydrochloride is the salt of a glycopeptide antibiotic isolated from Amycolatopsis orientalis in 1956. Vancomycin exhibits potent activity against Gram positive bacteria and is highly effective against MRSA in vitro and in vivo. Vancomycin interferes with cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanine-D-alanine residues.

The Uses of Vancomycin hydrochloride

Amphoteric glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces orientalis discovered in soil. Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan. Antibacterial.

The Uses of Vancomycin hydrochloride

Vancomycin Hydrochloride is an antibiotic used against gram-positive bacterial strains.

What are the applications of Application

Vancomycin Hydrochloride is a glycopeptide cell wall disturbing antibiotic which is effective against gram positive bacteria

What are the applications of Application

Vancomycin hydrochloride (extracted from Streptomyces orientalis) is an antibiotic used for Gram-positive bacterial strains

brand name

Vancocin Hydrochloride (ViroPharma); Vancoled (Baxter Healthcare); Vancor (Pharmacia & Upjohn).

General Description

The isolation of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin(Vancocin, Vancoled) from Streptomyces orientalis (renamedA. orientalis) was described in 1956 by McCormick et al.232The organism originally was obtained from cultures of anIndonesian soil sample and subsequently has been obtainedfrom Indian soil. Vancomycin was introduced in 1958 as anantibiotic active against Gram-positive cocci, particularlystreptococci, staphylococci, and pneumococci. It is not activeagainst Gram-negative bacteria, with the exception ofNeisseria spp. Vancomycin is recommended for use wheninfections fail to respond to treatment with the more commonantibiotics or when the infection is known to be caused by aresistant organism. It is particularly effective for the treatmentof endocarditis caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
Vancomycin hydrochloride is a free-flowing, tan tobrown powder that is relatively stable in the dry state. It isvery soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis by preventingthe synthesis of cell wall mucopeptide polymer. It does soby binding with the D-alanine-D-alanine terminus of theuridine diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl peptides requiredfor mucopeptide polymerization.236 Details of the bindingwere elucidated by the elegant NMR studies of Williamson.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that blocks bacterial cell wall biosynthesis at the level of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It inhibits incorporation of terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides. It is effective against Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin also alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

Vancomycin should only be used to treat infections that are documented resistant to other antibiotics and susceptible to vancomycin, usually methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRSA) or multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. It potentially is useful for oral treatment of pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridia difficile.

storage

+4°C