Succinonitrile

Synonym(s):1,2-Dicyanoethane;Butanedinitrile

CAS NO.：110-61-2
Empirical Formula: C4H4N2
Molecular Weight: 80.09
MDL number: MFCD00001949
EINECS: 203-783-9
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
Update Date: 2024-12-18 14:15:32

What is Succinonitrile?

Chemical properties

almost white to brown crystalline solid. Succinonitrile [110-61-2], ethylene dicyanide, ethylene cyanide, dicyanoethane, butanedinitrile, NCCH2CH2CN, is a colorless, waxy solid slightly soluble in water and ethanol. Succinonitrile is obtained by addition of hydrogen cyanide to acrylonitrile. Subsequent hydrogenation of succinonitrile yields 1,4-diaminobutane, which reacts with adipic acid to form the new polyamide 46. The polymer, developed by DSM (Netherlands), is marketed under the trade name Stanyl; the latter is reported to have excellent mechanical properties at high temperature.

The Uses of Succinonitrile

Succinonitrile dispersed with ionic liquids entrapped in a host polymer was used to constitute gel polymer electrolytes. It was used as dopant to investigate the ionic conductivity and X-ray absorption spectroscopic results for lithium and copper salt doped succinonitrile.

Production Methods

Succinonitrile is derived from the interaction of ethylene dibromide and potassium cyanide in the presence of alcohol.

General Description

Colorless to light brown crystals. Colorless waxy soild melting at 57°C. Highly toxic.

Air & Water Reactions

Soluble in water [Hawley].

Reactivity Profile

Succinonitrile is incompatible with acids and oxidizing agents (such as peroxides and epoxides). Can react violently with strong oxidizing acids. Is hydrolyzed exothermically in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). Can react vigorously with reducing agents.

Hazard

A poison.

Fire Hazard

Succinonitrile is combustible.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. Decomposes exothermically above 195°C. Can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition, or on contact with acid or acid fumes, it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx and CN-. See also NITRILES.

Purification Methods

Purify the nitrile by vacuum sublimation, and/or crystallisation from acetone. [Beilstein 2 H 615, 2 IV 1923.]

Properties of Succinonitrile

Melting point:	50-54 °C (lit.)
Boiling point:	265-267 °C (lit.)
Density	0.985 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure	10.382kPa at 25.14℃
refractive index	nD60 (liq) 1.41734
Flash point:	>230 °F
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form	Liquid
pka	26.6[at 20 ℃]
color	Clear colorless
Specific Gravity	0.985
Odor	odorless
Water Solubility	slightly soluble
Merck	14,8872
BRN	1098380
Exposure limits	NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 6 ppm(20 mg/m3)
Dielectric constant	58.3（58℃）
CAS DataBase Reference	110-61-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	Succinonitrile(110-61-2)
EPA Substance Registry System	Butanedinitrile (110-61-2)

Safety information for Succinonitrile

Signal word	Warning
Pictogram(s)	Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07 Health Hazard GHS08 Environment GHS09
GHS Hazard Statements	H302:Acute toxicity,oral H411:Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard
Precautionary Statement Codes	P202:Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P270:Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P273:Avoid release to the environment. P301+P312:IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. P308+P313:IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.