Potassium Phosphate Monobasic

Absorption

Potassium salts are well absorbed from the GI tract. Ingested phosphates are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the presence of large amounts of calcium or aluminum may lead to formation of insoluble phosphate and reduce the net absorption. Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption.

Toxicity

Rabbit : LD50 >4640mg/kg (skin) Rat : LdLo : 4640mg/kg (Oral)

Chemical properties

White powder

Physical properties

Colorless crystals or white granular powder; tetragonal structure; deliquesces; density 2.338 g/cm³; melts at 252.6°C; soluble in water 33 g/100mL at 25°C; pH 4.4-4.7; insoluble in alcohol.

The Uses of Potassium Phosphate Monobasic

Potassium Phosphate Monobasic is a soluble salt of potassium and dihydrogen phosphate ion. It is weakly acidic, has a ph value of 4.5, is readily soluble in water, and has a solubility of 25 g in 100 ml at 25°C. It is also soluble in water. It is used as a buffer, neutraliser, chelator, nutritional supplement, pharmaceutical ingredient and fertiliser.

The Uses of Potassium Phosphate Monobasic

Monopotassium phosphate (MKP) is a specialty fertilizer that is a good source of phosphorus and potassium.It is an acid, chloride-free, dry soluble fertilizer,and is a natural pH buffer with a buffer pH in pure water of 4.5.Monopotassium phosphate can be solubilized and blended with liquid fertilizers that will not salt out at a low pH, and is also safe to use as a foliar fertilizer.

The Uses of Potassium Phosphate Monobasic

In buffers for determination of pH. Pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent).

The Uses of Potassium Phosphate Monobasic

potassium phosphate is a humectant and pH adjuster used in cosmetic formulations. Potassium phosphate is an inorganic salt.

Background

Monopotassium phosphate, MKP, (also potassium dihydrogenphosphate, KDP, or monobasic potassium phosphate), KH2PO4, is a soluble salt of potassium and the dihydrogen phosphate ion. It is a source of phosphorus and potassium as well as a buffering agent. It can be used in fertilizer mixtures to reduce escape of ammonia by keeping pH low.

Indications

Used in buffers (determination of pH, pharmaceutical production, urinary acidifier, paper processing, baking powder, and food), nutrient solutions, yeast foods, special liquid fertilizers, sonar systems and other electronic applications; Used as a nutritional supplement in foods, a nonlinear optical material for laser use, and in wastewater treatment;

What are the applications of Application

Potassium Phosphate Monobasic solution is a convenient 0.2 μm filtered, 1M stock solution for making phosphate buffers. Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic is a useful reagent in formulating buffered solutions for equilibrium dialysis, HPLC, and ACE.

Preparation

Monopotassium phosphate may be prepared by partial neutralization of phosphoric acid with potassium hydroxide in equimolar amounts:H₃PO₄+ KOH →KH₂PO₄+ H₂O.

Definition

ChEBI: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a potassium salt in which dihydrogen phosphate(1-) is the counterion. It has a role as a fertilizer. It is a potassium salt and an inorganic phosphate.

Preparation

Potassium monophosphates are usually produced by the same process as the corresponding sodium salts, i.e., from phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide. For KH2PO4, the cheaper potassium chloride is also used instead of KOH. Various methods have been suggested for quantitative removal of the hydrogen chloride formed: use of ion exchangers, long-chain tertiary amines, or distillation with octane.

General Description

Monobasic potassium phosphate crystals are colorless, soluble in water and hygroscopic in nature.Upon heating through 187°C, phase transition occurs in KH₂PO₄, crystal system changes from tetragonal to monoclinic, lattice parameters at 195°C are α=7.47?, b =7.33?, c =14.49?, α=?=90° and γ=92.2.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Potassium phosphate monobasic also referred to as monopotassium phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a soluble salt of potassium that serves as a buffering agent. It enhances the solubility of calcium and phosphorus in amino acid plus dextrose solutions and hence assists in improving the mineral balance of parenterally fed low birth weight infants.

Pharmacokinetics

Potassium is the major cation of intracellular fluid and is essential for maintenance of acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrodynamic characteristics of the cell. Potassium is an important activator in many enzymatic reactions and is essential to a number of physiologic processes including transmission of nerve impulses; contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles; gastric secretion; renal function; tissue synthesis; and carbohydrate metabolism. Phosphate is a major intracellular anion that participates in providing energy for metabolism of substrates and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions.

Biological half-life

In healthy children with phosphate overdose, half-life was 4.8 to 10.6 hours, and was prolonged to 17 hours in a child with renal insufficiency.

Solubility in organics

Insoluble to slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in alcohol.

Purification Methods

Dissolve it in boiling distilled water (2mL/g), keep on a boiling water-bath for several hours, then filter it through paper pulp to remove any turbidity. Cool rapidly with constant stirring, and the crystals are collected on to hardened filter paper, using suction, washed twice with ice-cold water, once with 50% EtOH, and dried at 105o. Alternative crystallisations are from water, then 50% EtOH, and again water, or from concentrated aqueous solution by addition of EtOH. It is freed from traces of Cu by extracting its aqueous solution with diphenylthiocarbazone in CCl4, followed by repeated extraction with CCl4 to remove traces of diphenylthiocarbazone.