Moexipril

Absorption

Moexipril is incompletely absorbed, with bioavailability as moexiprilat of about 13% compared to intravenous (I.V.) moexipril (both measuring the metabolite moexiprilat), and is markedly affected by food, which reduces Cmax and AUC by about 70% and 40%, respectively, after the ingestion of a low-fat breakfast or by 80% and 50%, respectively, after the ingestion of a high-fat breakfast.

Toxicity

Human overdoses of moexipril have not been reported. In case reports of overdoses with other ACE inhibitors, hypotension has been the principal adverse effect noted. Single oral doses of 2 g/kg moexipril were associated with significant lethality in mice. Rats, however, tolerated single oral doses of up to 3 g/kg. Common adverse effects include cough, dizziness, diarrhea, flu syndrome, fatigue, pharyngitis, flushing, rash, and myalgia

Originator

Moexipril,Schwarz Pharma,Germany

The Uses of Moexipril

Antihypertensive; enzyme inhibitor (angiotensinconverting).

Background

Moexipril is a non-sulfhydryl containing precursor of the active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor moexiprilat. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It works by relaxing blood vessels, causing them to widen. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems.

Indications

For the treatment of hypertension.

What are the applications of Application

moexipril is a potent ACE inhibitor

Definition

ChEBI: Moexipril is a peptide.

Manufacturing Process

1) A solution of 2.0 g of t-butyl alanine (S-form) and 3.78 g of ethyl 2-bromo- 4-phenylbutanoate in 25 ml of DMF was treated with 1.8 ml of triethylamine and the solution was heated at 70°C for 18 hours. The solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue was mixed with water and extracted with ethyl ether. The organic layer was washed with water and dried over magnesium sulfate. Concentration of the solvent at reduced pressure gave the oily ethyl-α-[(1-carboxyethyl)amino]benzene-t-butanoate.
A solution of 143.7 g of this t-butyl ester in 630 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethyl ether and again evaporated. This operation was repeated. Then the ether solution was treated dropwise with a solution of hydrogen chloride gas in ethyl ether until precipitation ceased. The solid, collected by filtration, was a mixture of diastereoisomers of ethyl-α-[(1-carboxyethyl)amino]benzenebutanoate hydrochloride, melting point 153-165°C; [α]D23 = +3.6° (1% MeOH).
The free amino acid (S,S-form) was prepared by treatment of an aqueous solution of the hydrochloride with saturated sodium acetate. The product was filtered, washed efficiently with cold water and recrystallized from ethyl acetate; melting point 149-151°C; [α]D23 = +29.7°.
2) A stirred solution of 0.0158 mole of ethyl-α-[(1-carboxyethyl)amino] benzenebutanoate hydrochloride in 200 ml of methylene chloride was treated successively with 1.60 g (0.0158 mole) of triethylamine, 0.0158 mole of 1- hydroxybenzotriazole, 0.0158 mole of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-3- isoquinolinecarboxylic acid and then with 0.0158 mole of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in 10 ml of methylene dichloride. Dicyclohexylurea gradually separated. The mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. Hexane (300 ml) was added and the urea was filtered. The filtrate was washed with 250 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to remove solvent. The viscous residue was triturated with 50 ml of ether and filtered to remove insolubles. The filtrate was concentrated to give 2-[2-[[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-1- oxopropyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-3-isoquinolinecarboxylic acid.
After addition of hydrochloric acid was obtained 2-[2-[[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3- phenylpropyl]amino]-1-oxopropyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-3- isoquinolinecarboxylic acid, hydrochloride.

brand name

Univasc (Schwarz Pharma).

Therapeutic Function

Antihypertensive

Pharmacokinetics

Moexipril is a non-sulfhydryl containing precursor of the active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor moexiprilat. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It works by relaxing blood vessels, causing them to widen. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems.

Metabolism

Rapidly converted to moexiprilat, the active metabolite. Conversion to the active metabolite is thought to require carboxyesterases and is likely to occur in organs or tissues, other than the gastrointestinal tract, in which carboxyesterases occur. The liver is thought to be one site of conversion, but not the primary site.