Diflorasone

Absorption

Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from intact healthy skin. The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors, including the vehicle and the integrity of the epidermal barrier. Occlusion, inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin may also increase percutaneous absorption.

Toxicity

Topically applied diflorasone can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects. Symptoms of overdose include thinning of skin and suppression of adrenal cortex (decreased ability to respond to stress).

Chemical properties

Off-White Solid

Originator

Florone,Upjohn,US,1978

The Uses of Diflorasone

An anti-inflammatory and anti-itching corticosteroid usually present in topical creams.

Indications

For relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses.

What are the applications of Application

Diflorasone is an anti-inflammatory and anti-itching corticosteroid

Background

Diflorasone is a topical corticosteroid used to treat itching and inflammation of the skin.

Definition

ChEBI: The 16beta-analogue of flumethasone. It is used as the 17,21-diacetate as a topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders.

Manufacturing Process

6α-Fluoro-9β-epoxy-17α,21-dihydroxy-16α-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20- dione-21-acetate:To a solution of 6.78 g of 6α-fluoro-9α-bromo-11β,17α,21- trihydroxy-16α-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione-21-acetate in 175 ml of acetone was added 6.78 g of potassium acetate and the resulting suspension was heated under reflux for a period of 17 hours. The mixture was then concentrated to approximately 60 ml volume at reduced pressure on the steam bath, diluted with water and extracted with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride extracts were combined, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was redissolved in methylene chloride and chromatographed over 500 g of Florisil anhydrous magnesium silicate. The column was eluted with 1 liter portions of hexanes (Skellysolve B) containing increasing proportions of acetone. There was so eluted 6α-fluoro-9β,11β-epoxy-16α-methyl-17α,21-dihydroxy-1,4- pregnadiene-3,20-dione-21-acetate which was freed of solvent by evaporation of the eluates.
6α,9α-Difluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-16α-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20- dione-2-1-acetate: To approximately 1.3 g of hydrogen fluoride contained in a polyethylene bottle and maintained at -60C was added 2.3 ml of tetrahydrofuran and then a solution of 500 mg (0,0012 mol) of 6α-fluoro9β,11β-epoxy-16α-methyl-17α,21-dihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione-21- acetate in two ml of methylene chloride. The steroid solution was rinsed in with an additional 1 ml of methylene chloride. The light red colored solution was then kept at approximately -30°C for 1 hour and at -10°C for 2 hours. At the end of this period it was mixed cautiously with an excess of cold sodium bicarbonate solution and the organic material extracted with the aid of additional methylene chloride.
The combined extracts were washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to approximately 35 ml. The solution was chromatographed over 130 g of Florisil anhydrous magnesium silicate. The column was developed with 260 ml portions of hexanes (Skellysolve B) containing increasing proportions of acetone. There was thus eluted 6α,9αdifluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-16α-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione-21- acetate which was freed of solvent by evaporation of the eluate fractions.
6α,9α-Difluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-16α-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20- dione: 3.25 g of 6α,9α-difluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-16α-methyl-1,4- pregnadiene-3,20-dione-21-acetate was dissolved in 325 ml of methanol, previously purged of air-oxygen by passing nitrogen through it for 10 minutes and thereto was added a solution of 1.63 g of potassium bicarbonate in 30 ml of water, similarly purged of oxygen. The mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for a period of 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, thereupon neutralized with 2.14 ml of acetic acid in 40 ml of water. The mixture was concentrated to approximately one-third volume at reduced pressure on a 60°C water bath. Thereupon 250 ml of water was added and the mixture chilled. The crystalline product was collected on a filter, washed with water and dried to give 6α,9α-difluoro-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-16αmethyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione.
The diflorasone is reacted with orthoacetic acid trimethyl ester in the presence of toluenesulfonic acid to give diflorasone diacetate.

brand name

Florone (Pharmacia & Upjohn); Psorcon (Pharmacia & Upjohn); Psorcon (Sanofi Aventis).

Therapeutic Function

Antiinflammatory

Pharmacokinetics

Like other topical corticosteroids, diflorasone has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. Diflorasone is a potent topical corticosteroid that should not be used with occlusive dressings. It is recommended that treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks and therapy should be discontinued when adequate results have been achieved.

Metabolism

Metabolized, primarily in the liver, and then excreted by the kidneys.