Clobetasol propionate

Absorption

Twice daily application of clobetasol foam leads to a Cmax of 59±36pg/mL with a Tmax of 5 hours. Clobetasol cream showed an increase in clobetasol concentrations from 50.7±96.0pg/mL to 56.3±104.7pg/mL.

Toxicity

Data regarding acute overdoses of glucocorticoids are rare. Overdoses of clobetasol propionate can lead to reversible HPA axis suppression and glucocorticoid insufficiency. Chronic high doses of glucocorticoids can lead to the development of cataract, glaucoma, hypertension, water retention, hyperlipidemia, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, myopathy, osteoporosis, mood changes, psychosis, dermal atrophy, allergy, acne, hypertrichosis, immune suppression, decreased resistance to infection, moon face, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, growth suppression, and secondary adrenal insufficiency. Overdose may be treated by adjusting the dose or stopping the corticosteroid as well as initiating symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Description

Clobetasol propionate is a topical glucocorticosteroid that is used to treat skin conditions such as dermatitis and psoriasis. Its preparation and that of similar compounds were reported by Glaxo Laboratories (now GlaxoSmithKline) in a 1969 German patent.
Clobetasol propionate is known as a “superpotent” corticosteroid that penetrates the skin rapidly. A member of the MOTW staff found it to be very effective against “a particularly stubborn bout of poison ivy”.

Chemical properties

White or almost white, crystalline powder.

Originator

Dermovate,Glaxo,UK,1973

The Uses of Clobetasol propionate

Topical corticosteroid. Glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory.

Clobetasol propionate (Cormax, Temovate, Embeline, Olux) is one of the most potent of the currently available agents and is indicated for short-term treatment of inflammatory or hyperplastic disorders. It is a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid. It may cause a more rapid or prolonged response than other topical corticosteroids. It is recommended that clobetasol have a maximum application of 60 g/week for no longer than 14 days without occlusion and that it should not be used in children below age 12.

The Uses of Clobetasol propionate

For short-term topical treatment of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of moderate to severe corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses of the scalp.

The Uses of Clobetasol propionate

Clobetasol-17-propionate is a topical corticosteroid belonging to the group-D (hydrocortisone-q-butyrate) type of steroids.

Background

Clobetasol propionate is a prednisolone derivative with higher specificity for glucocorticoid receptors than mineralocorticoid receptors. It has demonstrated superior activity compared to fluocinonide and was first described in the literature in 1974.
Clobetasol Propionate was granted FDA approval on 27 December 1985.

Indications

Clobetasol propionate is indicated to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis as well as inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses.

Definition

ChEBI: The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.

Indications

Clobetasol propionate (Cormax, Temovate, Embeline, Olux) is one of the most potent of the currently available agents and is indicated for short-term treatment of inflammatory or hyperplastic disorders. It is a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid. It may cause a more rapid or prolonged response than other topical corticosteroids. It is recommended that clobetasol have a maximum application of 60 g/week for no longer than 14 days without occlusion and that it should not be used in children below age 12.

Manufacturing Process

A solution of betamethasone 21-methanesulfonate (4 g) in dimethylformamide (25 ml) was treated with lithium chloride (4 g) and the mixture heated on the steam bath for 30 minutes. Dilution with water gave the crude product which was recrystallized to afford the title compound, MP 226°C.
Clobetasol is usually converted to the propionate as the useful form by reaction with propionic anhydride.

brand name

Clobex (Galderma); Clobex (Galderma); Embeline (Healthpoint); Olux (Connetics); Temovate (Altana).

Therapeutic Function

Corticosteroid, Antiinflammatory

Pharmacokinetics

Corticosteroids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor, inhibiting pro-inflammatory signals, and promoting anti-inflammatory signals. Clobetasol propionate is generally applied twice daily so the duration of action is long. Corticosteroids have a wide therapeutic window as patients may require doses that are multiples of what the body naturally produces. Patients taking corticosteroids should be counselled regarding the risk of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression and increased susceptibility to infections.

Metabolism

The metabolism of clobetasol propionate is not well studied but it does induce metabolic enzymes, even when delivered topically. The metabolism of clobetasol propionate is predicted to follow similar metabolic pathways to other corticosteroids including the addition of oxygen, hydrogen, glucuronides, and sulfates to form water soluble metabolites.