D-Glucosamine hydrochloride

Chemical properties

white powder

Description

D-Glucosamine hydrochloride is an aminosugar and a major precursor for the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of chitin and chitosan polysaccharides, which form the exoskeleton of crustaceans and other arthropods, the cell walls of fungi and many higher organisms. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides.

The Uses of D-Glucosamine hydrochloride

Novel application of D-Glucosamine hydrochloride to prepare medical agent for treating vertigo. Found in chitin, in mucoproteins, and in mucopolysaccharides. Antiarthritic. Recent studies show that its chondroprotective activity is related to its antiapoptic properties.

The Uses of D-Glucosamine hydrochloride

glucosamine hydrochloride (glucosamine HCl) is used to adjust the pH of a formulation. It also has anti-static and hair-conditioning properties.

The Uses of D-Glucosamine hydrochloride

Novel application of glucosamine is to prepare medical agent for treating vertigo. It is used as food ingredients and additives, raw material for anti cancer and antibiotic drugs.

What are the applications of Application

D(+)Glucosamine, Hydrochloride is an HCL salt glucosasmine preparation

General Description

Glucosamine, an amino sugar is generated form glucose and glutamine and is naturally produced in the body. Glucosamine, a endogenous amino monosaccharide is the major source of glucosamine-6-phosphate and n-acetylglucosamine.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Glucosamine is preferred as a nutritional supplement?for individuals with osteoarthritis. It is used as a building block for the production of proteoglycans?and?glycosaminoglycans.

Purification Methods

Crystallise the hydrochloride from 3M HCl, water, and finally water/EtOH/acetone as for galactosamine hydrochloride. [Purchase & Braun Org Synth 26 36 1946, Stacey & Webber Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry I 228 1962, Academic Press.] The salt has also been purified by dissolving in the minimum volume of boiling H2O (charcoal), filtering and adding a large excess of 95% EtOH (~4 volumes) and stirring vigorously for several hours. Collect the crystals after 4-6hours to give 
anomer which mutarotates ] D +100o to +72o (equilibrium, c 1, H2O). A large amount of the -anomer stays in solution. This can be precipitated from the filtrate by adding excess Et2O. The mixture of -plus -anomers has [] D +68.8o (c 4.75, H2O, mutarotating to +70.1o)[Leaback Biochemical Preparations 10 118 1963]. Note that if Et2NH is used instead of Et3N, conversion to the -anomer can be complete (see above). [Stacey et al. Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry I 3061962, Academic Press; Beilstein 4 IV 2018.]