Cefonicid sodium

Description

Cefonicid sodium is the first of the second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics with a long enough serum half-life b4.5 hr.) to allow once-daily i.v. administration. Cefonicid is resistant to β-lactamases produced by S. aureus, H. influenzae, -N. gonorrhea, and related organisms. As with other drugs of this class, it is useful in the treatment of urinary tract and lower respiratory tract infections, skin and skin structure infections, and bone and joint infections, as well as in surgical prophylaxis.

Description

Cefonicid is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other cephalosporins, cefonicid interferes with cell wall biosynthesis in bacteria, leading to lysis of the infectious organism. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has a prolonged serum elimination half-life in animals.

Chemical properties

White Powder

Originator

Smith Kline & French (USA)

The Uses of Cefonicid sodium

A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic related to Cefamandole. Antibacterial.

What are the applications of Application

Cefonicid sodium is a broadspectrum cephalosporin antibiotic

Definition

ChEBI: Cefonicid sodium is an organic sodium salt. It contains a cefonicid(2-).

brand name

MONOCID

Clinical Use

Cefonicid Sodium (Monocid) is a second-generationcephalosporin that is structurally similar to cefamandole,except that it contains a methane sulfonic acid groupattached to the N-1 position of the tetrazole ring. Theantimicrobial spectrum and limited β-lactamase stabilityof cefonicid are essentially identical with those ofcefamandole.
Cefonicid is unique among the second-generationcephalosporins in that it has an unusually long serum halflifeof approximately 4.5 hours. High plasma protein bindingcoupled with slow renal tubular secretion are apparentlyresponsible for the long duration of action. Despite the high fraction of drug bound in plasma, cefonicid is distributedthroughout body fluids and tissues, with the exception of thecerebrospinal fluid.
Cefonicid is supplied as a highly water-soluble disodiumsalt, in the form of a sterile powder to be reconstituted forinjection. Solutions are stable for 24 hours at 25°C and for72 hours when refrigerated.

in vitro

cefonicid was found to be similar to cefamandole in its superiority to first generation cephalosporins against several enterobacteriaceae and haemophilus influenzae, such as beta-lactamase-producing strains. its activity against staphylococcus aureus was similar to that of cefoxitin and inferior to cefamandole and first generation cephalosporins. cefonicid has excellent in-vitro activity against neisseria gonorrhoeae, but is inactive against pseudomonas, serratia, acinetobacter, and bacteroides fragilis [1].

in vivo

the purpose of a previous study was to determine whether cefonicid caused testicular toxicity when subcutaneously administered to sprague-dawley male rats at doses of 50 to 1,000 mg/kg per day. the histological findings were confirmed by marked reductions in testicular sperm production rates and cauda epididymal sperm numbers. in addition, cefonicid had no treatment-related adverse effects on the sexual maturation males [2].

References

[1] saltiel, e; brogden, r. n. (1986). cefonicid. a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. drugs. 32 (3): 222–59.
[2] manson jm, zolna le, kang yj, johnson cm. effects of cefonicid and other cephalosporin antibiotics on male sexual development in rats. antimicrob agents chemother. 1987 jul;31(7):991-7.