Amlodipine Besylate

Description

Anilodipine besylate is a new, once-daily, dihydropyridine calcium antagonist useful in the treatment of hypertension and angina.

Chemical properties

White Crystalline Solid

Originator

Pfizer (USA)

The Uses of Amlodipine Besylate

Amlodipine Besylate is a medication commonly prescribed for several cardiovascular conditions. It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), helping to lower blood pressure levels and reduce the risk of complications associated with hypertension. Additionally, amlodipine besylate is indicated for managing coronary artery disease, a type of heart disease characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle. By improving blood flow to the heart, it can alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Furthermore, amlodipine besylate is effective in treating angina, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. Its vasodilatory effects help relax and widen blood vessels, improving blood flow and relieving angina symptoms.

The Uses of Amlodipine Besylate

A dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Used as an antianginal and antihypertensive

The Uses of Amlodipine Besylate

Angiotensin II inhibitor prodrug, antihypertensive

What are the applications of Application

Amlodipine besylate is a calcium channel protein inhibitor

Definition

ChEBI: The benzenesulfonate salt of amlodipine.

Manufacturing Process

2-[(2-Aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5- methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (amlodipine) was prepared from 2-(phthalimidoaminoethoxy)acetoacetate, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and methyl-3-aminocrotonate under refluxing in ethanol for 24 hours. The ketoester was prepared by the method of Troostwijk and Kellog (JCS Chem. Comm., 1977, p.932). Methyl-3-aminocrotonate can be prepared by known method. Phthalimido-amino-protecting group was removed using hydrazine hydrate in ethanol at the reflux temperature.
Although amlodipine is effective as the free base, in practice it is best administered form of a salt of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.
Benzensulphonic salt of amlodipine was prepared as follows: Amlodipine base (65.6 g, 0.161 mols) was slurried in industrial methylated spirit (denatured alcohol, 326.4 ml) and cooled to 5°C. Benzensulphonic acid (26.2 g, 0.168 mols) was dissolved in industrial methylated spirit (65.6 ml) at 5°C and added to base. The resulting slurry was then granulated, filtered and washed with 2 volumes the same solvent (65.6 ml). The damp solid was slurred at 5°C for 1 hr in 327.6 ml industrial methylated spirit, filtered, washed with 2 volumes of the same solvent (65.6 ml) and dried under vacuum at 55°C for 24 hr. A yield of besylate salt of amlodipine 65 g.

brand name

Norvasc (Pfizer);Istin.

Therapeutic Function

Antianginal, Antihypertensive

General Description

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. Amlodipine besylate is a calcium channel blocker, which inhibits the trans membrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscles and cardiac muscle. It belongs to the dihydropyridine family. It is used in combination with atorvastatin calcium to treat vasospastic angina, chronic stable angina, hypertension, in elevated serum triglyceride levels, primary dysbetalipoproteinemia.

Biological Activity

L-type calcium channel blocker that displays antihypertensive properties. Inhibits Ca 2+ -induced contractions in depolarized rat aorta (IC 50 = 1.9 nM) and displays vasoprotective effects in cardiovascular disease. Inhibits proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells and epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells (IC 50 = 25 μ M).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Amlodipine is an L-type calcium channel blocker. Amlodipine belongs to a class of cardiovascular drugs, which act at the voltage gated calcium channel of the CaV1, or L-type, class. Amlodipine also has antihypertensive and antianginal effects. Its activity resides mainly in the (-)-isomer. Amlodipine inhibits growth of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and has antireproductive effects in male rats.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

Oral amlodipine appears to be a useful agent in the treatment of hypertension in cats and many consider it the drug of choice for this indication. In pharmacokinetic studies, amlodipine has decreased blood pressure in dogs with chronic renal disease, but its efficacy in treating hypertensive dogs has been disappointing.
Hypertension in cats is usually secondary to other diseases (often renal failure or cardiac causes such as thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy or primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, etc.) and is most often seen in middle-aged or geriatric cats. These animals often present with acute clinical signs such as blindness, seizures, collapse or paresis. A cat is generally considered hypertensive if systolic blood pressure is >160 mmHg. Early reports indicate that if antihypertensive therapy is begun acutely, some vision may be restored in about 50% of cases of blindness secondary to hypertension.

Dosage forms

Amlodipine Besylate is available as Katerzia, Norliqva, Norvasc and generic amlodipine in the following dosage forms that are taken by mouth.

• 2.5 mg oral tablets

• 5 mg oral tablets

• 10 mg oral tablets

• 1 mg/mL oral solution (Norliqva only)

• 1 mg/mL oral suspension (Katerzia only)  

Mechanism of action

Amlodipine Besylate relaxes your blood vessels so that blood can move through them more easily and your heart does not have to work as hard.

storage

Room temperature

References

[1] lee yj, park hh, koh sh, choi ny, lee ky. amlodipine besylate and amlodipine camsylate prevent cortical neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress. j neurochem. 2011 dec;119(6):1262-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07529.x.
[2] yoshida j, ishibashi t, nishio m. antiproliferative effect of ca2+ channel blockers on human epidermoid carcinoma a431 cells. eur j pharmacol. 2003 jul 4;472(1-2):23-31.
[3] henik ra, snyder ps, volk lm. treatment of systemic hypertension in cats with amlodipine besylate. j am anim hosp assoc. 1997 may-jun;33(3):226-34.