4-Chlorophenol

Absorption

absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.

Toxicity

Signs and symptoms in human : When undiluted, it whitens & cauterizes the skin & mucous membranes. 4-chlorophenol was shown to permeate the skin. It produces damage at a threshold concentration of 0.75% (w/v).
Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Eye contact. Toxicity to Animals: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 367 mg/kg [Mouse]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 1500 mg/kg [Rat]. Chronic Effects on Humans: CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified 2B (Possible for human.) by IARC. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Classified Reproductive system/toxin/male, Development toxin [POSSIBLE]. May cause damage to the following organs: liver, brain, gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract, central nervous system (CNS). Other Toxic Effects on Humans: Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant).

Chemical properties

off-white to light tan crystals or powder

Chemical properties

All isomers have a characteristic odor.

The Uses of 4-Chlorophenol

It is used as main raw material of compounding for medicine, dye, plastic and other industries. 4-Chlorophenol was used in visible-light-induced degradation of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous suspension of pure TiO2.

The Uses of 4-Chlorophenol

Intermediates of Liquid Crystals

The Uses of 4-Chlorophenol

antineoplastic

The Uses of 4-Chlorophenol

Biocide; disinfectant for home, hospital and farm.

Indications

Used as an intermediate in organic synthesis of dyes and drugs. Local antibacterial agent in root canal therapy, as topical antiseptic in ointments

Background

P-chlorophenol is a white crystals with a strong phenol odor. Slightly soluble to soluble in water, depending on the isomer, and denser than water. Noncombustible.

Definition

ChEBI: A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 50, p. 2145, 1985 DOI: 10.1021/jo00212a029
Tetrahedron Letters, 24, p. 3117, 1983 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)88111-3

General Description

White crystals with a strong phenol odor Slightly soluble to soluble in water, depending on the isomer, and denser than water. Noncombustible. Used as an intermediate in organic synthesis of dyes and drugs.

Air & Water Reactions

Slightly soluble to soluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

CHLOROPHENOLS, SOLID are incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with iron . Liquefy and darken in color at temperatures above 108°F.

Hazard

Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation, or ingestion; strong irritant to tissue.

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes headache, dizziness, weak pulse. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach; headache, dizziness, weak pulse. Contact with eyes causes severe irritation and burning. Contact with skin causes irritation and burn; if absorbed, causes same symptoms as inhalation.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating hydrogen chloride and chlorine gases may form in fires.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Safety Profile

Poison by inhalation and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, skin contact, and subcutaneous routes. A severe skin and eye irritant. Human systemic effects by inhalation: excitement, irritability. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use water, spray, mist, fog, foam, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLOROPHENOLS and CHLORIDES.

Potential Exposure

Monochlorophenols are used in the manufacture of fungicides, slimicides, bactericides, pesticides, herbicides, disinfectants, wood and glue preservatives; in the production of phenolic resins; in the extraction of certain minerals from coal; as a denaturant for ethanol; as an antiseptic; as a disinfectant, and others.

Metabolism

P-Chlorophenol yields p-chloroanisole in guinea pigs. P-Chlorophenol yields 4-chlorocatechol p-chloro phenyl-beta-D-glucuronide & p-chlorphenyl sulfate in rabbits. P-Chlorophenol yields p-chlorophenyl sulfate in rats.

Shipping

UN 2020 (solid); UN2021 (liquid) Chlorophenols, solid and liquid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Purification Methods

Distil the phenol, then crystallise it from pet ether (b 40-60o) or hexane, and dry it under vacuum over P2O5 at room temperature. [Bernasconi & Paschalis J Am Chem Soc 108 2969 1986, Beilstein 6 IV 820.]

Incompatibilities

May form explosive mixture with air. Contact with oxidizing agents can cause fire and explosion hazard. Heat produces hydrogen chloride and chlorine. Corrosive to aluminum, copper and other chemically active metals.

Waste Disposal

Incinerate in admixture with flammable solvent in furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber.