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HomeProduct name listTyramine hydrochloride

Tyramine hydrochloride

Synonym(s):4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride;4-Hydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride;Tyrosamine hydrochloride

  • CAS NO.:60-19-5
  • Empirical Formula: C8H12ClNO
  • Molecular Weight: 173.64
  • MDL number: MFCD00012901
  • EINECS: 200-462-5
  • SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
  • Update Date: 2024-11-08 21:13:59
Tyramine hydrochloride Structural

What is Tyramine hydrochloride?

Chemical properties

Off-White to Light Yellow Powder

Occurrence

Tyramine was originally a compound isolated from ergot alkaloids and decaying animal tissue. It has pharmacological effects such as increasing blood pressure and exciting the uterus.

The Uses of Tyramine hydrochloride

Tyramine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic, the hydrochloride salt of the naturally-occurring monoamine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine acts as a catecholamine releasing agent but cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Tyramine hydrochloride is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. Tyramine hydrochloride occurs naturally in the body, and it's found in certain foods.

What are the applications of Application

Tyramine Hydrochloride is a naturally occurring monoamine derived from tyrosine

What are the applications of Application

Tyramine hydrochloride (T-HCl) is a kind of fluorogenic substrate of peroxidase. It is a naturally occurring monoamine derived from tyrosine. Tyramine Hydrochloride has been used:
coinfused with adenosine in control subjects and patients in order to reduce leg blood flow by 50% without affecting arterial blood pressure.
labelled with fluorescence dyes (Atto 488 and Atto 655) to serve as a substrate for peroxidase in immunofluorescence analysis.
used in dimethylformamide, labelled with 5-(and-6)carboxyfluorescein, succinimidyl ester/biotin to serve as a substrate for peroxidase in tyramide signal amplification.
Neurotransmitter.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Tyramine is a biogenic amine and a neuromodulator localized to the nervous system. Tyrosine decarboxylase catalysis the formation of tyramine from tyrosine. Tyramine is found to be associated with a number of psychiatric disorders. Tyramine ingestion depletes serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine reserves. This results in elevated biological events such as cardiovascular function, blood pressure, glucose production and overall metabolism. It also causes depression, migraine and insomnia. Tyramine is present is several food sources. The process of food fermentation and spoilage increases its tyramine content.

Synthesis

Tyramine [2-(p-hydroxyphenyl) ethylamine], a significant metabolite of tyrosine, enzymatic synthesis of tyramine was established by two-step biocatalytic reaction. Firstly, l-tyrosine was prepared from raw pyruvate fermentation broth under the catalysis of TPL. Pyruvate fermentation broth was simply centrifuged, and then the supernatant was diluted and used as substrate to produce l-tyrosine. Secondly, l-tyrosine was collected as starting material to synthesize tyramine by immobilized TDC cells from Lactobacillus brevis. Pyridoxal phosphate was the common coenzyme for these two enzymes.

Purification Methods

Crystallise the hydrochloride from EtOH by addition of diethyl ether, or from conc HCl. [Beilstein 3 II 355.]

Properties of Tyramine hydrochloride

Melting point: 253-255 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 269°C/760mmHg
storage temp.  Store below +30°C.
solubility  H2O: soluble50 mg/ml, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
form  Crystalline Powder
color  White to almost white
PH <7 (H2O)
Sensitive  Hygroscopic
Merck  14,9835
BRN  3627058
Stability: Hygroscopic
CAS DataBase Reference 60-19-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System Phenol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, hydrochloride (60-19-5)

Safety information for Tyramine hydrochloride

Signal word Warning
Pictogram(s)
ghs
Exclamation Mark
Irritant
GHS07
GHS Hazard Statements H315:Skin corrosion/irritation
H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation
H335:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure;Respiratory tract irritation
Precautionary Statement Codes P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P304+P340:IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.
P405:Store locked up.

Computed Descriptors for Tyramine hydrochloride

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