Thymidine
Synonym(s):Thymidine;dT;2′-Deoxythymidine;Thymidine - CAS 50-89-5 - Calbiochem;Thymine deoxyriboside
- CAS NO.:50-89-5
- Empirical Formula: C10H14N2O5
- Molecular Weight: 242.23
- MDL number: MFCD00006537
- EINECS: 200-070-4
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2024-12-18 14:08:57
What is Thymidine?
Description
Thymidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the pyrimidine base thymine attached to the sugar deoxyribose. As a constituent of DNA, thymidine pairs with adenine in the DNA double helix. In cell biology it is used to synchronize the cells in G1/early S phase.
Chemical properties
White needle crystal, soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMSO and other organic solvents.
Physical properties
Thymidine can exist in vitro conditions as a solid (as white crystals or as white crystalline powder). Under standard temperature and pressure, the stability of this compound is very high. As a part of DNA structure, thymidine occurs in living organisms (also in DNA viruses). Therefore, it is a non-toxic compound. In RNA, there is uridine instead of thymidine. Uridine is formed from the combination of uracil with ribose sugar. The key difference between thymine and thymidine is that thymine is a nucleobase, whereas thymidine is a nucleoside.
The Uses of Thymidine
Thymidine is used in the syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredient such as zidovudine. It also pairs with deoxyadenosine in double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. It is used to synchronize the cells in G1/early S phase in cell biology.
The Uses of Thymidine
Constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid. The nucleoside (deoxyriboside) of thymine. Occurs in DNA. It is a nucleoside consisting of one thymine molecule linked to ad-doxyribose sugar molecule.
What are the applications of Application
Thymidine is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside
Definition
ChEBI: Thymidine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having thymine as the nucleobase. It has a role as a metabolite, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a thymine. It is an enantiomer of a telbivudine.
Definition
The NUCLEOSIDE formed when thymine is linked to D-ribose by a β-glycosidic bond.
General Description
Thymidine is also referred to as pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. Deoxythymidine is a nucleoside present in DNA. In a DNA double stranded structure, thymidine pairs with deoxyadeninosine.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Thymidine is useful in cell synchronization during S-phase. In the salvage pathway of pyrimidines, pyrimidine phosphorylase reversibly converts thymine to thymidine.
Mechanism of action
High concentrations of thymidine interrupt the deoxynucleotide metabolism pathway through competitive inhibition, thus blocking DNA replication. A single treatment with thymidine arrests cells throughout S phase, so a double treatment acts to induce a more uniform block in early S phase.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Purification Methods
Crystallise -thymidine from ethyl acetate, MeOH/Et2O (m 188o) or H2O (as 2H2O m 189o). It is soluble in water and hot organic solvents. The picrate has m 230o (from EtOH).
Properties of Thymidine
Melting point: | 186-188 °C(lit.) |
Boiling point: | 385.05°C (rough estimate) |
alpha | 18.6 º (c=3, H2O) |
Density | 1.3129 (rough estimate) |
refractive index | 33 ° (C=1, 1mol/L NaOH) |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | Acetone, DMSO (Slightly), Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, Methanol (Slightly, Heated), P |
form | Crystalline Powder |
pka | pK1:9.79;pK2:12.85 (25°C) |
color | White to almost white |
optical activity | [α]20/D +19±1°, c = 1% in H2O |
Water Solubility | SOLUBLE |
Merck | 14,9397 |
BRN | 89285 |
Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
CAS DataBase Reference | 50-89-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Thymidine(50-89-5) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Thymidine (50-89-5) |
Safety information for Thymidine
Signal word | Warning |
Pictogram(s) |
Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H315:Skin corrosion/irritation H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation H335:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure;Respiratory tract irritation |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271:Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
Computed Descriptors for Thymidine
InChIKey | IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N |
Thymidine manufacturer
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