Thioridazine
Synonym(s):10-[2-(1-Methyl-2-piperidinyl)ethyl]-2-(methylthio)-10H-phenothiazine
- CAS NO.:50-52-2
- Empirical Formula: C21H26N2S2
- Molecular Weight: 370.57
- MDL number: MFCD00242875
- EINECS: 200-044-2
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2024-10-28 23:16:16
What is Thioridazine?
Absorption
60%
Toxicity
LD50=956-1034 mg/kg (Orally in rats); Agitation, blurred vision, coma, confusion, constipation, difficulty breathing, dilated or constricted pupils, diminished flow of urine, dry mouth, dry skin, excessively high or low body temperature, extremely low blood pressure, fluid in the lungs, heart abnormalities, inability to urinate, intestinal blockage, nasal congestion, restlessness, sedation, seizures, shock
Description
An antipsychotic drug of the phenothiazine class. It is of particular interest because of its “atypical” properties, some of which may be due to its extensive bioconversion to active metabolites. The therapeutic and side effects of thioridazine and its metabolites involve blockade of brain dopamine receptors, but also actions mediated via blockage of muscarininc cholinergic and α-adrenergic receptors.
Chemical properties
Colorless crystals. Soluble in water and alcohol.
Originator
Mellaril,Sandoz,US,1959
The Uses of Thioridazine
In terms of antipsychotic activity, thioridazine is inferior to aminazine. It is most effective in mental and emotional disorders accompanied by fear, stress, and excitement. It is prescribed for various forms of schizophrenia, psychosis, and neurosis.
The Uses of Thioridazine
Mellaril(Novartis).
Background
A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of psychoses, including schizophrenia, and in the control of severely disturbed or agitated behavior. It has little antiemetic activity. Thioridazine has a higher incidence of antimuscarinic effects, but a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, than chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p618).
Thioridazine was withdrawn worldwide in 2005 due to its association with cardiac arrythmias.
Indications
For the treatment of schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder.
Definition
ChEBI: A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.
Manufacturing Process
N-(m-methylmercapto-phenyl)-aniline (MP 59° to 61°C) is prepared by
condensing m-methylmercapto-aniline (BP 163° to 165°C/16 mm Hg) with the
potassium salt of o-chloro-benzoic acid and decarboxylating the resultant N-
(m-methylmercapto-phenyl)-anthranilic acid (MP 139° to 141°C) by heating,
and then distilling.
9.87 parts of N-(m-methylmercapto-phenyl)-aniline are heated with 2.93
parts of sulfur and 0.15 part of powdered iodine for 15 minutes in a bath at
about 160°C. Upon termination of the ensuing evolution of hydrogen sulfide,
animal charcoal is added to the reaction mixture and recrystallization carried
out first from 40 parts by volume of chlorobenzene, and then from 25 to 30
parts by volume of benzene at the boiling temperature. The obtained citronyellow
3-methylmercapto-phenothiazine has a MP of 138° to 140°C.
17.82 parts of 2-methylmercapto-phenothiazine, 3.4 parts of finely pulverized sodamide and 80 parts by volume of absolute xylene are heated to boiling for
two hours at a bath temperature of 180°C under a reflux condenser and while
stirring the reaction mixture. Without interrupting the heating, a solution of
13.2 parts of 2-(N-methyl-piperidyl-2')-1chloro-ethane in 40 parts by volume
of absolute xylene is then added dropwise in the course of 1 1/2 hours. After
further heating for 3 hours, the reaction mixture is cooled and, after the
addition of 5 parts of ammonium chloride, is shaken three times with water,
using 25 parts by volume each time. The xylene solution is extracted once
with 35 parts by volume of 3 normal acetic acid and then three times, each
time with 15 parts by volume of the said acid, after which the acetic acid
extract is washed with 60 parts by volume of ether and is then made
phenolphthalein-alkaline by means of 25 parts by volume of concentrated
aqueous caustic soda solution.
The precipitated oily base is taken up in a total of 100 parts by volume of
benzene. The benzene layer, dried over potassium carbonate, is filtered and
then evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue from the evaporation is
distilled in a high vacuum; after separating a preliminary distillate which
passes over up to 228°C under a pressure of 0.92 mm Hg, the principal
fraction, 2-methylmercapto-10-[2'-(N-methyl-piperidyl-2'')-ethyl-
1']phenothiazine, which distills over at 228° to 232°C under the lastmentioned
pressure, is collected. The analytically pure base has a BP of
230°C/0.02 mm Hg.
Therapeutic Function
Tranquilizer
Pharmacokinetics
Thioridazine is a trifluoro-methyl phenothiazine derivative intended for the management of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Thioridazine has not been shown effective in the management of behaviorial complications in patients with mental retardation.
Synthesis
Thioridazine, 10-[2-(1-methyl-2-piperidyl)ethyl]-2-(methylthio)phenothiazine (6.1.9), is synthesized in an analogous manner by alkylating 2-methylthiophenothiazine with 2-(2-chloroethyl)-1-methylpiperidine [29,30].
Metabolism
Hepatic
Properties of Thioridazine
Melting point: | 72-74° |
Boiling point: | bp0.02 230° |
Density | 1.1693 (rough estimate) |
refractive index | 1.5800 (estimate) |
Flash point: | 9℃ |
storage temp. | Sealed in dry,Room Temperature |
solubility | Practically insoluble in water, very soluble in methylene chloride, freely soluble in methanol, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). |
form | neat |
pka | 9.5(at 25℃) |
Water Solubility | 1.113mg/L(22.5 ºC) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | 10H-Phenothiazine, 10-[2-(1-methyl-2-piperidyl)ethyl]-2-methylthio-(50-52-2) |
Safety information for Thioridazine
Signal word | Warning |
Pictogram(s) |
Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H302:Acute toxicity,oral |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P270:Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P301+P312:IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. P501:Dispose of contents/container to..… |
Computed Descriptors for Thioridazine
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