Divalproex sodium

Description

Divalproex is a prodrug form of valproic acid that contains valproic acid and valproate sodium. Formulations containing divalproex exhibit delayed gastrointestinal absorption and are converted to valproic acid in the intestine, which reduces gastric irritation and nervous system side effects. Formulations containing divalproex are widely used for the treatment of seizures and bipolar disorder.

Chemical properties

White Solid

Originator

Depakote,Abbott

The Uses of Divalproex sodium

Divalproex sodium consists of a compound of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship in an enteric coated form. In rare cases, it is also used as a treatment for major depressive disorder, and increasingly taken long-term for prevent

The Uses of Divalproex sodium

Antiepileptic; Anticonvulsant that also acts as a mood stabilizer for those with bipolar disorder.

The Uses of Divalproex sodium

Anticonvulsant; Bipolar Agent

What are the applications of Application

Valproic Acid Semisodium Salt is an antiepileptic and anticonvulsant substance

Definition

ChEBI: A mixture of valproic acid and its sodium salt in a 1:1 molar ratio. It is used for the management and treatment of seizure disorders, mania, and prophylactic treatment of migraine headache.

Manufacturing Process

Dipropyl acetic acid or valproic acid may be prepared the next way. Propylbromide is mixed with cyanacetic acid in the presence of sodium ethylate, made from absolute ethanol and sodium. By that prepared α,α- dipropylcyanacetic acid ethyl ester is saponified with equimolecular amounts of NaOH to give dipropylacetonitril. The desired dipropylacetic acid is produced by saponification of dipropylacetonitryl with aquatic NaOH. It is colorless liquid. BP 219°-220°C.
Sodium salt of this acid may be prepared by adding of equivalent of NaOH.

brand name

Depakote (Abbott）.

Therapeutic Function

Anticonvulsant

Clinical Use

Treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder
Migraine prophylaxis (unlicensed)

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Antibacterials: metabolism possibly inhibited by erythromycin; avoid with pivmecillinam; concentration reduced by carbapenems - avoid.
Antidepressants: avoid with St John’s wort.
Antiepileptics: concentration reduced by carbamazepine; concentration of active carbamazepine metabolite increased; increased concentration of lamotrigine, phenobarbital, rufinamide and possibly ethosuximide; sometimes reduces concentration of active metabolite of oxcarbazepine; alters phenytoin concentration; phenytoin and phenobarbital reduce valproate concentration; hyperammonaemia and CNS toxicity with topiramate.
Antipsychotics: increased neutropenia with olanzapine; possibly increases or decreases concentration of clozapine; possibly increases quetiapine concentration.
Ciclosporin: variable ciclosporin blood level response.
Sodium oxybate: concentration of sodium oxybate increased.
Ulcer-healing drugs: metabolism inhibited by cimetidine, increased concentration.

Metabolism

Valproic acid is extensively metabolised in the liver, a large part by glucuronidation (up to 60
%) and the rest by a variety of complex pathways (up to 45
%). It is excreted in the urine almost entirely in the form of its metabolites; small amounts are excreted in faeces and expired air.