D-Pantethine

Chemical properties

Colorless to pale yellow, clear, viscous liquid

Originator

Atarone,Vinas

The Uses of D-Pantethine

antilipemic

What are the applications of Application

D-Pantethine is a form of pantothenic acid or vitamin B5

Background

Pantethine is a naturally occurring compound synthesized in the body from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) via addition of cysteamine. It consists of two molecules of pantetheine that form a dimer via disufide linkages, and acts as an intermediate in the production of Coenzyme A. Coenzyme A plays an essential role as a cofactor in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates including fatty acid oxidation, carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate degradation, and amino acid catabolism . Pantethine is available as a dietary supplement for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides.

Definition

ChEBI: An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group.

Manufacturing Process

To 11 g of hydrazine hydrate (85%) cooled in an ice bath are added 11.5 g of methyl d-pantothenate and the cold mixture is stirred vigorously. After the reaction takes place and the mixture is warmed to 30°C, it is allowed to stand at room temperature for two days, and then evaporated to dryness in vacuo at 50°C. The residue (14.7 g) of pantothenyl hydrazide is a clear glassy oil.
To 7.3 g of crude d-pantothenyl hydrazide dissolved in 21 ml of water and stirred in a beaker cooled on an ice bath is added sufficient. 6 N hydrochloric acid to shift the pH to 4. Then a solution of 1.7 g of sodium nitrite in 5 ml of water is added dropwise over a period of one hour, keeping the pH at 4 by additions of 6 N hydrochloric acid. After stirring for one-half hour, 2.8 g of bis(β-aminoethyl)disulfide dihydrochloride are added. The pH is then adjusted to 8.5 with 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and the solution allowed to stir for one and one-half hours. It is then acidified to pH 7.5 and concentrated in vacuo to clear colorless viscous oil. The pure product can be isolated from this oil by the next method. The crude bis(Npantothenylamidoethyl)disulfide so obtained is purified by dissolving the crude reaction product in 45 ml of anhydrous n-butanol and pouring the resulting solution through a chromatograph column containing 272 g of activated carbon. The column is washed with n-butanol and fractions are collected from time to time and the fractions containing solids assaying about 25 to 40% pure bis(N-pantothenylamidoethyl)disulfide against Lactobacillus: helveticus 80 poured onto a chromatograph column containing 136 g of an alkaline earth aluminum silicate known commercially as Super -filtrol. The column is washed thoroughly with anhydrous n-butanol and the washings and main solution discarded. N-Butanol saturated with water is poured through the column to elute the bis(N-pantothenylamidoethyl)disulfide and the resulting solution evaporated to dryness in vacuum at low temperature to obtain the desired product in pure form.
Instead of pouring the anhydrous n-butanol solution onto the alkaline earth aluminum silicate chromatograph column, one can simply repeat the treatment with a carbon chromatograph column to obtain the pure product. In some instances, the first carbon treatment produces fractions containing pure bis(N-pantothenylamidoethyl)disulfide and in those cases it is, of course, not necessary to treat the fraction with alkaline earth aluminum silicate nor again with activated carbon.

Therapeutic Function

Growth factor, Antihyperlipidemic

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by intravenous route. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.

Metabolism

Not Available