Ceric ammonium nitrate

Description

The Ce4+ in ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) acts as a strong one-electron oxidizing agent. It is soluble in H2O and some polar solvents such as acetic acid. Due to its poor solubility in organic solvents, reactions are often carried out in aqueous solvent mixtures such as ACN/H2O.

Chemical properties

yellow-orange crystals

Physical properties

Reddish-orange monoclinic crystals; very soluble in water.

The Uses of Ceric ammonium nitrate

Ceric ammonium nitrate is used as a volumetric oxidizing reagent in many oxidation-reduction titrations. Cerium(IV) ion is a strong oxidant similar to permanganate ion. It is the most widely-used primary standard among all Ce(IV) compounds. Other applications of this compound are in organic oxidation reactions; and as a catalyst in polymerization of olefins.

The Uses of Ceric ammonium nitrate

Used as oxidimetric standard.

The Uses of Ceric ammonium nitrate

A strongly oxidizing cerium preparation

What are the applications of Application

Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate is a strongly oxidizing cerium preparation

Preparation

Ceric ammonium nitrate is prepared by electrolytic oxidation of cerous nitrate in nitric acid to ceric nitrate, followed by the addition of ammonium nitrate solution. It is separated from the solution by crystallization. It may be prepared alternatively by dissolving cerium(II) oxide, CeO•H2O in concentrated nitric acid followed by treatment with ammonium nitrate.

Reactions

The most important reactions of Ceric ammonium nitrate are the oxidations, attributed to Ce4+ ion in the solution. The standard reduction potential E° for the formal half-reaction: Ce4+ + e– Ce3+ in 1 M H2SO4 is 1.44 V. The oxidizing strength is comparable to permanganate (MnO4- ), bromate (BrO3-), and dichromate (Cr2O72-) anions. Analytical applications involve reactions with reductants such as sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) or arsenic (III) oxide (As2O3) in the presence of iron, with ferroin (1,10–phenanthroline iron(II) complex) as the indicator.

General Description

Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate, CAN) is a versatile reagent for oxidative electron transfer reactions. It participates in various novel carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions involved in one-pot synthesis of dihydrofurans, tetrahydrofurans and aminotetralins. Iodine/ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate has been employed in direct α-iodination of various ketones to afford the corresponding α-iodo ketones. CAN has been reported as an powerful one-electron oxidant. It also participates in various carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions.

Hazard

Ceric ammonium nitrate is a powerful oxidizing agent. Precautions should be taken to avoid accidental contacts with orgnaic or other readily oxidizable substances.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Purification Methods

Ceric ammonium nitrate (125g) is warmed with 100mL of dilute HNO3 (1:3 v/v) and 40g of NH4NO3 until it dissolves, and filtered through a sintered-glass funnel. The solid which separates on cooling in ice is filtered off on a sintered funnel (at the pump) and air is sucked through the solid for 1-2 hours to remove most of the nitric acid. Finally, the solid is dried at 80-85o.