Tripelennamine

Absorption

Well absorbed in the digestive tract.

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include clumsiness or unsteadiness, convulsions, drowsiness, dryness of mouth, nose, or throat, feeling faint, flushing or redness of face, hallucinations, muscle spasms (especially of neck and back), restlessness, shortness of breath or troubled breathing, shuffling walk, tic-like movements of head and face, trembling and shaking of hands and trouble in sleeping.

Chemical properties

White, bitter, crystalline powder. Solutions are acid to litmus.Soluble in water and alcohol; very slightly soluble in ether; practically insoluble in chloroform and benzene; 1% solution in water has a pH of 4.3.

Originator

Pyribenzamine,Ciba,US,1946

The Uses of Tripelennamine

This drug lessens the allergic response of the organism caused by histamine. Tripelennamine is used for allergic symptoms, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and for allergic and anaphylactic reactions. Synonyms of this drug are pelanin and pyribenzamine.

The Uses of Tripelennamine

Medicine (antihistamine, sunburn treatment).

Indications

Used for the symptomatic relief of hypersensitivity reactions, coughs, and the common cold.

Background

A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat asthma; HAY fever; urticaria; and rhinitis; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.

Definition

ChEBI: Tripelennamine is an aromatic amine.

Manufacturing Process

46 g of α-benzylaminopyridine in 50 cc of dry toluene are heated to 80°C [the α-benzylaminopyridine may be obtained either according to the method of Tchitchibabine and Knunjanz, Berichte, 64, 2839 (1931), which consists in warming α-aminopyridine with benzaldehyde in formic acid, or alternatively by the action of benzyl chloride on sodio-α-aminopyridine]. To the toluene solution there are added gradually 9.5 g of 85% sodamide. After evolution of ammonia, the major part of the toluene is distilled off; into the pasty mass which remains there are poured 120 cc of an ethereal solution of 27 g of dimethylaminochloroethane.
The mixture is heated until the temperature reaches 140°C, the ether distilling out, then finally heated under reduced pressure (150 mm Hg) for 1/2 hour. The mass is taken up with dilute hydrochloric acid and ether, neutralized at pH 7, and α-benzylaminopyridine separates. After making alkaline, using excess of potash, it is extracted with benzene, dried and distilled. The product thereby obtained, dimethylamino-ethyl-N-benzyl-N-α-arninopyridine, boils at 135° to 190°C/1.7 mm, according to US Patent 2,502,151.

brand name

PBZ (Novartis).

Therapeutic Function

Antihistaminic

Reactivity Profile

Tripelennamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Health Hazard

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to Tripelennamine may include euphoria, aplastic anemia, excitement, hallucinations, ataxia, incoordination, athetosis, convulsions, postictal depression, dry mouth, fixed dilated pupils, flushing of the face, fever, central nervous system depression, drowsiness and coma.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for Tripelennamine are not available. Tripelennamine is probably combustible.

Pharmacokinetics

Used to treat the effects of colds and allergies. Tripelennamine is an antihistamine. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Tripelennamine is a histamine H1 antagonist. It competes with histamine for the normal H1-receptor sites on effector cells of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human mutation data reported. Has been implicated in aplastic anemia. Used as an antdustasnine. Addicts have added it to paregoric to make "blue velvet," whtch can cause euphoria by injection. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Synthesis

Tripelennamine, N-benzyl-N??,N??-dimethyl-N-2-pyridylethylenediamine (16.1.6), is synthesized by reacting 2-benzylaminopyrridine (16.1.5) with 2-dimethylaminoethylchloride in the presence of sodium amide. 2-Benzylaminopyrridine, in turn, can be easily synthesized by reduction of a Schiff base, synthesized by condensation of 2-aminopyrridine with benzaldehyde.

Metabolic pathway

When pyribenzamine is incubated with rat liver microsomes, it is metabolized via N-oxide formation and N-dealkylation which includes removal of the dimethylamino moiety, the thiophenylmethyl moiety of methaphenilene, and the benzyl moiety of pyribenzamine.

Metabolism

Hepatic