Sudan I

Description

Sudan 1, a red dye used in waxes and polishes, has been banned for food use in many countries because of studies showing a tentative link to tumor formation in some animal species. Recently, traces of Sudan 1 were found in chili powder imported from India.

Chemical properties

orange-red powder

The Uses of Sudan I

A food azo-dye, a liver and urinary bladder carcinogen for rodents and a potent contact allergen and sensitizer for humans.

The Uses of Sudan I

A food azo-dye, a liver and urinary bladder carcinogen for rodents and a potent contact allergen and sensitizer for humans. Genotoxic and carcinogenic. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.

What are the applications of Application

Sudan I is an orange-red dye used to color waxes, oils and other non-aqueous liquids

Preparation

Aniline diazo, and Naphthalen-2-ol?coupling.

Definition

ChEBI: Sudan I is an azo compound. It has a role as a dye. It is functionally related to a 2-naphthol.

General Description

Dark reddish-yellow leaflets or orange powder. Slight odor.

Air & Water Reactions

Azo dyes can be explosive when suspended in air at certain concentrations. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Sudan I is an azo compound. Azo, diazo, azido compounds can detonate. This applies in particular to organic azides that have been sensitized by the addition of metal salts or strong acids. Toxic gases are formed by mixing materials of this class with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. Flammable gases are formed by mixing materials in this group with alkali metals. Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides. Sudan I is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids .

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for Sudan I are not available; however, Sudan I is probably combustible.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Safety Profile

Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Used for coloring hydrocarbon solvents, oils, fats, waxes, shoe and floor polishes, and gasoline

Purification Methods

Crystallise the dye from EtOH. It forms Cu and Ni salts. [Beilstein 16 H 162, 16 I 254, 16 II 70, 16 III 129, 16 IV 228.]

Properties and Applications

Red light yellow. Melting point 134 ℃. Soluble in ethanol (for orange), acetone and benzene, insoluble in water. The strong sulfuric acid for product red, diluted for orange, precipitation; In the hot strong hydrochloric acid solution for red, HCL after cooling for the crystallization variegated dark green, but released a few separate hydrogen: and C.I. Solvent Yellow and the same chemical structure. Used for dyeing and printing of polyester fibers.

Standard	Ironing Fastness		Light Fastness	Persperation Fastness		Washing Fastness
	Fading	Stain		Fading	Stain	Fading	Stain
ISO			4-5			3	3-4