Pepstatin
Synonym(s):Pepstatin A;Cathepsin D;Cathepsin D heavy chain;Cathepsin D light chain;CPSD
- CAS NO.:26305-03-3
- Empirical Formula: C34H63N5O9
- Molecular Weight: 685.89
- MDL number: MFCD00060740
- EINECS: 247-600-0
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2024-11-01 18:09:03
What is Pepstatin?
Description
Pepstatin A is a bacterial-
Chemical properties
solid
The Uses of Pepstatin
Pepstatin A are natural, statine-containing peptides that acts as inhibitor of aspartic protease enzymes.
The Uses of Pepstatin
Antiviral;Aspartic proteases irreversible inhibitor
The Uses of Pepstatin
As an aspartic proteases irreversible inhibitor, Pepstain A can be used in conjunction with E64-d and Leupeptin A to inhibit the degradation of autophagic cargo inside autophagosomes.
What are the applications of Application
Pepstatin A is an inhibitor of HIV-1 and aspartic proteases and can be used in the study of protease mechanisms
Definition
ChEBI: Pepstatin A is a pentapeptide isolated from Streptomyces testaceus. It is a potent inhibitor of aspartyl proteases. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite and an EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor. It is a pentapeptide and a secondary carboxamide. It is a conjugate acid of a pepstatin A(1-).
General Description
Pepstatin A is a naturally occurring chemotactic peptide and inhibitor of aspartic proteases that was initially isolated from culture filtrates of various Actinomycetes species, with the initial name simply of “pepstatin”. This name was later modified to “pepstatin A” to distinguish the original pepstatin from later derivatives. Pepstatin A notably contains the unusual amino acid 4-amino-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid (AHMHA), which is known also as statine. The amino acid sequence of pepstatin A is N-Isovaleryl-L-Valyl-L-Valyl-AHMHA-L-Alanyl-AHMHA.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Primary Targetaspartic proteases
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Enzyme inhibitor
This naturally occurring statine-containing peptidomimetic (FWfree-acid = 685.90 g/mol; CAS 26305-03-3), also called pepstatin A and isovalerylpepstatin and named systematically as N-(isovaleryl)-L-valyl-L-valyl-statylL-alanyl-statine (where the statyl residue is a (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6- methylheptanoyl residue and the C-terminal statine is the corresponding acid), is a presumptive transition-state analogue for prototypical aspartate proteinase pepsin (Ki = 46 pM). Pepstatin will also inhibit other carboxy proteinases. The inhibitory effectiveness of statine-containing peptides has been widely exploited by incorporating the statine residue into peptides that otherwise match sequence preferences of the target enzyme’s sub-sites. Because pepstatin has a low solubility in water, it is often dissolved indimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, or ethanol. Note that many derivatives of pepstatin are available, each displaying a different spectrum of inhibitory effects. Pepstatin B and C are the N-(n-caproyl)- and N-(iso-caproyl)- derivatives, respectively. Note: Above a critical concentration of 0.1 mM in low ionic-strength and neutral buffers, pepstatin often polymerizes into filaments that be several micrometers in length and have characteristic diameters ranging between 6 and 12 nm
storage
+4°C
References
1) Merck Index 14:7147 2) Marciniszyn?et al.?(1976)?Mode of inhibition of acid proteases by pepstatin; J. Biol. Chem.,?251?7088 3) Oda (2012)?New families of carboxy peptidases: serine-carboxyl peptidases and glutamic peptidases; J. Biochem.,?151?13 4) Yoshida?et al. (2006)?Pepstatin A, an aspartic proteinase inhibitor, suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation; J. Biochem.,?139?583
Properties of Pepstatin
Melting point: | 233 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
Boiling point: | 695.91°C (rough estimate) |
alpha | D27 -90.3° (c = 0.288 in methanol) |
Density | 1.1340 (rough estimate) |
refractive index | 1.7500 (estimate) |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | 10% acetic acid in methanol: 1 mg/mL |
form | White solid |
pka | 4.17±0.10(Predicted) |
color | Colorless needles |
optical activity | Optical rotation: -90.0 ± 5° (c = 0.5, MeOH, 20°C). |
Water Solubility | It is soluble in 10% (v/v) acetic acid in methanol (9:1 methanol:acetic acid) (1 mg/ml), ethanol (1-2 mg/ml with heat up to 60°C), DMSO (5 mg/ml), methanol (1 mg/ml), and acetic acid. Insoluble in benzene, chloroform, water, 1 M NaOH, and ether. |
BRN | 2201362 |
Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong acids. |
CAS DataBase Reference | 26305-03-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
Safety information for Pepstatin
Signal word | Warning |
Pictogram(s) |
Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H315:Skin corrosion/irritation H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation H335:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure;Respiratory tract irritation |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing. |
Computed Descriptors for Pepstatin
InChIKey | JKGWASGTXVCDML-LXTPJMTPSA-N |
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