Isosorbide

Absorption

Isosorbide is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Refer to isosorbide mononitrate for detailed absorption information.

Description

Isosorbide is a sugar dehydration product. It was first prepared by W. N. Haworth and L. F. Wiggins in 1948 by dehydrating?D-sorbitol, which is obtained by reducing?D-glucose. Originally used as a diuretic and an isosorbide dinitrate precursor, it is now sold as a biobased chemical by Archer Daniels Midland. Isosorbide is a?potential replacement for bisphenol A?in plastics manufacture.

Chemical properties

off-white to light yellow or beige crystals,

The Uses of Isosorbide

Isosorbide is a reagent widely used to prepare detergents, cleansers, cosmetics, agrochemicals and vasodilators.

The Uses of Isosorbide

pharmaceutical intermediate for dimethyl ether and mono- and dinitrate derivatives; the nitrate esters find use as vasodilators and coronary disease therapeutics.

The Uses of Isosorbide

D-Isosorbide is used as a reagent in the preparation of detergents, agrochemicals, cleansers, cosmetics and vasodilators. It is also employed as a pharmaceutical intermediate for dimethyl ether and mono- and dinitrate derivatives, which is used as vasodilators and coronary disease therapeutics. It is used in the treatment of hydrocephalus and glaucoma. It finds application as a building block for polymers like polycarbonates and polyesters.

Background

Isosorbide was previously available in an oral formulation for the reduction of intraocular pressure. It was approved by the FDA in 1980, but has since been discontinued. Currently, isosorbide is an organic nitrate currently available in the isosorbide mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate forms, and is used for the prevention of angina. Refer to these drug entries for more information.

Indications

Isosorbide was previously indicated for temporary reduction of intraocular pressure and used to interrupt an acute glaucoma attack, however, this is not a currently approved indication. Refer to isosorbide mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate drug entries for more isosorbide indications.

What are the applications of Application

Dianhydro-D-glucitol is a chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus

Definition

A polyol with a hydroxyl group attached to each of two cis-oriented saturated furan rings. Intermediate for pharmaceuticals. Combustible.

brand name

Ismotic (Alcon).

Biological Functions

emergency treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma. It should not be confused with isosorbide dinitrate, an antianginal drug.

Flammability and Explosibility

Non flammable

Pharmacokinetics

Isosorbide reduces intraocular pressure through its effects on ocular blood vessels. While in the blood, isosorbide promotes redistribution of water toward the circulation, promoting the excretion of urine.

Clinical Use

Isosorbide is basically a bicyclic form of sorbitol that is used orally to cause a reduction in intraocular pressure in glaucoma cases. Although a diuretic effect is noted, its ophthalmologic properties are its primary value.

Metabolism

Not Available