Isopropylamine

Description

Isopropylamine (propan-2-amine, IUPAC) is a colorless, volatile liquid. It is highly flammable, with a flammable range of 2%–10.4% in air. Boiling point is 93°F (33°C), flash point is ?15°F (?26°C), and ignition temperature is 756°F (402°C).
It is miscible with water, with a specific gravity of 0.69, which is lighter than water. Vapor density is 2.04, which is heavier than air. In addition to flammability, isopropylamine is a strong irritant to tissue and has a TLV of 5 ppm in air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1221. The NFPA 704 designation for isopropylamine is health 3, flammability 4, and reactivity 0. Primary uses for isopropylamine are pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides, and as a dehairing agent.

Chemical properties

Isopropylamine is a colorless, flammable liquid. Isopropylamine is miscible with water, alcohol, and ether.The odor threshold reportedly ranges from 0.21 to 0.70 ppm; the pungent, ammoniacal odor becomes irritating at 24mg/m3 (110).

Physical properties

Colorless liquid with a penetrating, ammonia-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 500 μg/m³ (210 ppb_v) and 1.7 mg/m³ (700 ppb_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). An odor threshold concentration of 25 ppb_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Occurrence

Not reported found in natu

The Uses of Isopropylamine

Isopropylamine is used as a dehairing agentand as an intermediate in the preparation ofmany organics.

The Uses of Isopropylamine

Solvent, intermediate in synthesis of rubber accelerators, pharmaceuticals, dyes, insecticides, bactericides, textile specialties, and surface-active agents, dehairing agent, solubilizer for 2,4-D acid.

The Uses of Isopropylamine

Isopropylamine is an organic compound is a widely used for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agricultural goods such as glyphosphate herbicides and as an additive for petroleum industry. such as bentazon (BASF), Roundup (Monsanto), imazapyr (ACC) and the triazines ametryne (Novartis), atrazine (Novartis), desmetryn (Novartis), prometryn (Novartis), pramitol (Novartis), dipropetryn (Novartis), and propazine. Other applications encompass the nematicide fenamiphos (Bayer), the fungicide iprodione (Rho?ne-Poulenc), insecticides, pharmaceuticals, and surfactants.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane carrying an amino group at position 2.

Production Methods

Isopropylamine can be produced from the corresponding alcohol by reacting with ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating catalyst, or from the chloride by reacting with ammonia under pressure. It is also reported that this amine can be produced from acetone and ammonia or from the acetone oxime (HSDB 1989).

Aroma threshold values

High strength odor; fishy type; recommend smelling in a 0.10% solution or less.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Flash point -35°F. Boiling point 90°F. Less dense than water Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a solvent and to make other chemicals.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

Isopropylamine is a colorless, alkaline liquid, very volatile, moderately toxic, highly flammable. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, or strong oxidizers. When heated to decomposition Isopropylamine emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen [M. K.]. A mixture of Isopropylamine and perchloryl fluoride resulted in an uncontrolled oxidation and/or explosion, [J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4036]. The reaction of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and the amine and most probably other nitrogen bases, yields a violent exotherm, [Chem. & Ind., 1971, 994].

Hazard

Highly flammable, dangerous fire risk. Strong irritant to tissue.

Health Hazard

Isopropylamine is a strong irritant to theeyes, skin, and respiratory system. A shortexposure to 10–20 ppm can cause irritationof the nose and throat in humans (Procturand Hughes 1978). Prolonged exposure tohigh concentrations may lead to pulmonaryedema. Skin contact can cause dermatitisand skin burns. Exposure to 8000 ppm for4 hours was lethal to rats.
LD50 value, oral (mice): 2200 mg/kg.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Industrial uses

Isopropylamine can be used as a dehairing agent and as a solvent. It also finds use as an intermediate in the production of insecticides, herbicides and bactericides and in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes and rubber accelerators (HSDB 1989).

Environmental Fate

Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that the photooxidation of aqueous primary amine solutions by UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide resulted in the formation of ammonium and nitrate ions.
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987). Forms water-soluble salts with acids.

Metabolism

One would expect isopropylamine to be readily absorbed from the gut and respiratory tract. Shorter chain aliphatic amines such as isopropylamine also are efficiently absorbed through the skin (Beard and Noe 1981). When administered intravenously, isopropylamine distributed rapidly into tissue compartments with tissue/plasma ratios ranging from 1.8 in the atrium to 16.7 in the renal medulla (Privitera et al 1982). During the elimination phase, a half-life of 146 min was observed in plasma. There do not appear to be any definitive metabolic studies with this compound, however through a comparison with other substrates, one might expect oxidation to acetone and ammonia through the action of monoamine oxidase (Tipton 1980).