Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride
- CAS NO.:14282-91-8
- Empirical Formula: ClH12N6Ru+2
- Molecular Weight: 232.66
- MDL number: MFCD00011478
- EINECS: 238-176-8
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2024-02-04 22:50:30
What is Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride?
Chemical properties
Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3, is a powdery, pale yellow, air stable, water-soluble powder.
Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride and hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride are readily interconverted via electrochemical reduction and oxidation, respectively. As a result, hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride is often used as the analyte in cyclic voltammetry demonstrations. This property also makes [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 highly useful in various biochemical analyses as an indicator of the occurrence of one-electron reactions.
The Uses of Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride
Hexaamineruthenium(III) Chloride as an Electron Mediator for Glucose
Detection Glucose monitoring systems use hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride as an electron mediator. In one commercial blood glucose monitoring system, β-D-glucose reacts with GOD and hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride in the test strip, generating β-D-glucono-lactone and hexaammineruthenium (II) chloride. The amount of hexaammineruthenium (II) chloride that is produced is directly proportional to the amount of glucose in the blood sample. Oxidation of the hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride back to hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride then generates an electric current. The meter is used to convert the current into the value of the glucose concentration.
In another system reported in the literature, the thermostable FADGDH glucose-dehydrogenase complex, rather than GDH, was used as the enzyme and deposited’ along with hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride, onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) (Ref 2). The sensor was shown to measure the whole-blood glucose level within 1 sec using a 150-nL whole-blood sample with both high precision and reproducibility. Importantly, the sensor reading was stable for more than 60 days, even at 70 °C.
In these systems, the hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride must be of consistent purity and quality to ensure consistent and accurate test results.
Reactions:
β-D-glucose + Hexammineruthenium(III) chloride + GOD → D-Glucono-δ-Lactone + Hexammineruthenium (II) chloride
Hexammineruthenium(II) chloride →Hexammineruthenium(III) chloride + e
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The Uses of Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride
Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride can be used to synthesize chloropentaammineruthenium(III) chloride.
What are the applications of Application
Hexaammineruthenium III/II (HexRu(III)|HexRu(II)) couple is a commonly used electrochemical redox couple due to its chemical and electrochemical reversibility.
Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride can be used to synthesize chloropentaammineruthenium(III) chloride.
Production Methods
Hexammineruthenium (II) dichloride 34 g (ruthenium 0.12 mol) was dissolved in 270 mL of water, and 6.65 g (0.12 mol) of ammonium chloride was gradually added to it. Then, oxygen gas was blown into this solution to synthesize hexaammineruthenium (III) trichloride. Oxygen gas with a purity of 99.99% was blown at a flow rate of 0.5 L / min, and the reaction was performed while measuring the redox potential with an ORP meter inserted in the solution. Then, when the redox potential reached ?80 mV (vs. Ag / AgCl), the blowing of oxygen gas was stopped (the liquid temperature was 20-25 ℃). In the separation and extraction step, 36 g of ammonium chloride was dissolved in the filtrate and then cooled to 3 ° C. As a result, pale cream hexaammineruthenium (III) trichloride crystals were crystallized. Finally, the solution was filtered to separate hexaammineruthenium (III) trichloride crystals, washed with 50 mL of acetone, and dried at 60 ℃. for 2 hours to obtain Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride crystals.
General Description
Hexaammineruthenium III/II (HexRu(III)|HexRu(II)) couple is a commonly used electrochemical redox couple due to its chemical and electrochemical reversibility.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it twice from 1M HCl.
Properties of Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | soluble in H2O |
form | Crystalline Powder |
color | Yellow |
Water Solubility | Very soluble in water. |
InChI | InChI=1S/ClH.6H2N.Ru/h1H;6*1H2;/q;6*-1;+9/p-1 |
CAS DataBase Reference | 14282-91-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
Safety information for Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride
Signal word | Warning |
Pictogram(s) |
Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H315:Skin corrosion/irritation H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation H335:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure;Respiratory tract irritation |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P271:Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P302+P352:IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing. |
Computed Descriptors for Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride
InChIKey | WXRKGULWJOAAIR-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
SMILES | [Ru+3](N)(N)(N)(N)(N)N.[Cl-] |
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