Clorprenaline

Originator

Asthone,Eisai,Japan,1970

The Uses of Clorprenaline

Clorprenaline is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist with bronchodilatory activity.

The Uses of Clorprenaline

Bronchodilator.

Definition

ChEBI: 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol is a member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is chlorobenzene which is substituted by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 2. It is a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of ethanolamines and a secondary amino compound.

Manufacturing Process

To a solution of 279 g of o-chloroacetophenone in 2 liters of anhydrous diethyl ether were added about 3 g of dibenzoyl peroxide. 5 g of bromine were added to the resulting solution, and after 3 minutes, the color of bromine had been discharged, indicating that the formation of ω-bromo-o-chloroacetophenone had been initiated. A further amount of 288 g of bromine was added dropwise to the reaction mixture over a 1.5 hour interval. After the addition of the bromine had been completed, the reaction mixture was stirred for one-half hour and poured over about 1 kg of crushed ice.
After the ice had melted, the resulting aqueous and ethereal layers were separated. The ethereal layer containing ω-bromo-o-chloroacetophenone was washed with successive 500 ml quantities of water, 5% sodium carbonate solution and again with water to remove the hydrogen bromide formed as a by-product in the reaction. The ethereal layer was dehydrated by contacting with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The drying agent was removed
filtration and the ether was evaporated from the filtrate. The residue remaining after the evaporation consisted of about 400 g of ω-bromo-ochloroacetophenone. A solution of 400 g of ω-bromo-o-chloroacetophenone in one liter of methanol was cooled to about 25°C. A cold solution of 92.5 g of sodium borohydride in one liter of methanol was added as rapidly as possible to this cooled solution while maintaining the temperature below about 25°C. After the addition had been completed, the reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 4 hours at ambient room temperature, to complete the reduction of the keto group of the ω-bromo-o-chloroacetophenone. The reaction mixture containing a mixture of o-chlorophenyl ethylene-β-bromohydrin and o-chlorophenyl ethylene oxide was then evaporated in vacuo at room temperature to a syrup which was poured into about one liter of 5% hydrochloric acid to decompose any boratealcohol complexes. The two compounds were dissolved in diethyl ether by extracting the acidic layer three times with successive 500 ml portions of diethyl ether. The combined ether extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered, and the ether was removed by evaporation in vacuo. A residue consisting of 400 g of a mixture of o-chlorophenyl ethylene-β-bromohydrin and o-chlorophenyl ethylene oxide was obtained.
400 g of a mixture of o-clilorophenyl ethylene-β-bromohydrin and ochlorophenyl ethylene oxide were dissolved in one liter of anhydrous ethanol.
To this solution was added a solution of 306 g of isopropylamine in one liter of anhydrous ethanol. The reaction mixture was heated at refluxing temperature for about 16 hours, thus forming N-[β-(o-chlorophenyl)-β-hydroxyethyl]- isopropylamine. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and to the residue was added a solution containing 200 ml of 12 N HCl in 2,500 ml of water.
The acidic solution was washed twice with 500 ml portions of ether which were discarded. The acidic layer was then made basic by the addition of 250 ml of 5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide, thus liberating the free base of N-[β-(ochlorophenyl)-β-hydroxyethyl]-isopropylamine. The free base was extracted with two successive one liter portions of diethyl ether. The combined ether extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated in vacuo to remove all of the solvents. N-[β-(o-chlorophenyl)-β- hydroxyethyl]-isopropylamine was thus obtained, according to US Patent 2,887,509.
The N-[β-(o-chlorophenyl)-β-hydroxyethyl]-isopropylamine obtained by the foregoing procedure was dissolved in about 3 liters of ether and dry hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled into the solution until it was saturated, whereupon the hydrochloride salt of N-[β-(o-chlorophenyl)-β-(hydroxy)- ethyl]isopropylamine precipitated. The salt was separated from the ether by filtration, and was dissolved in two liters of anhydrous ethanol. The alcoholic solution was decolorized with charcoal and filtered.
Three liters of anhydrous ether were added thereto and the N-[β-(ochlorophenyl)-β-hydroxyethyl]-isopropylamine hydrochloride precipitated in crystalline form as the monohydrate. The mixture was maintained at about 0°C for 40 hours and then filtered. The filter cake was washed with ether and dried. About 209 g of N-[β-(o-chlorophenyl)-β-(hydroxy)-ethyl]isopropylamine hydrochloride monohydrate, melting at about 163° to 164°C, were obtained according to US Patent 2,816,059.

Therapeutic Function

Bronchodilator