Amobarbital

Chemical properties

Crystalline Solid

Originator

Hypnotal,Pharmacal

The Uses of Amobarbital

Amobarbital for binding at complex I to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport. Amobarbital is regulated as a schedule II compound in the United States and intended only for forensic and research purposes.
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The Uses of Amobarbital

Controlled substance (depressant). Sedative, hypnotic

The Uses of Amobarbital

Sedative, hypnotic. Controlled substance (depressant).

Background

A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hy notic properties.

Manufacturing Process

By interaction of malonic acid diethyl ester with sodium ethylate (molar ratio 1:1) and then with ethyl bromide (molar ratio 1:1) was prepared ethylmalonic acid diethyl ester. From ethylmalonic acid diethyl ester and sodium ethylate (molar ratio 1:1) and then with isopentylbromide was synthesized α-ethyl-α- isopentylmalonic acid diethyl ester. By condensation of α-ethyl-α- isopentylmalonic acid diethyl ester with urea in the presence of sodium ethylate was obtained ethyl-isopentylbarbituric acid.

brand name

Amytal Sodium (Lilly); Talamo (Marion Merrell Dow);Altinal;Alupent-sed;Ambese-la;Amobell;Amsal;Amycal;Amydorm;Amylbarb;Amylobeta;Analgilasa;Appenil;Asthmin;Beatol;Bludex;Calavon;Cuaot;Dexaspan;Dexital;Ergo-lonarid;Estimal;Etamyl;Ifenin;Isoamitil sedante;Isobec;Jalonac;Lonarid n;Medi-trol;Mudeka;Mylodorm sustrel;N 8;Neur-amyl;Novambobarb;Novogen;Obe_slim;Placidel;Protasma;Sedo-rythmodan;Sy-dexam;Transital.

Therapeutic Function

Hypnotic, Antiepileptic

World Health Organization (WHO)

Amobarbital is an intermediate-acting barbiturate which is controlled under Schedule III of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. See WHO comment for barbiturates. (Reference: (UNCPS3) United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (III), , , 1971)

General Description

White crystalline solid with no odor and a slightly bitter taste.

Air & Water Reactions

Amobarbital is hygroscopic . Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Hazard

May be a habit forming drug of abuse.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for Amobarbital are not available, however, Amobarbital is probably combustible.

Safety Profile

A poison by ingestion,intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Seealso BARBITURATES. When heated to decomposition itemits toxic fumes of NOx.

Metabolism

Not Available