2,6-Dichloroisonicotinic acid

Chemical properties

off-white to beige or light brownish powder

The Uses of 2,6-Dichloroisonicotinic acid

2,6-Dichloroisonicotinic acid is a derivative of isonicotinic acid (I821760). Treatment of oat cultivars using 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid results in an increased accumulation of avenathramide. 2,6-Dichloroisonicotinic acid is a well known inducer of plant resistance and induces the transcription of ZmNAC100 transcription factor.

What are the applications of Application

2,6-Dichloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid is employed in asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(?)-acromelobic acid and biological studies of plant pathogen resistance.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of pyridines that is isonicotinic acid which is substituted by chlorine at positions 2 and 6.

Agricultural Uses

The best characterized synthetic inducer of resistance, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid and its methyl ester (both are referred to as INA) were the first synthetic compounds reported to activate a phenocopy of bonafide systemic acquired resistance (SAR). 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid was used as an abiotic resistance inducer against bacterial spot disease of tomato caused by Xanthomonas perforans. INA was found to protect cucumber, tobacco, arabidopsis, sugar beet, bean, rose, barley, and rice from several pathogens[1].

Mode of action

In tobacco, salicylic acid (SA) and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) induce the same nine classes of genes (including the PR genes) that are expressed systemically after tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. In contrast to many other abiotic inducers of PR gene expression and enhanced disease resistance, such as polyacrylic acid and thiamine, INA does not stimulate the accumulation of SA or its glucoside in treated tobacco plants. The strong correlation between biological activity and the ability to bind and inhibit catalase suggests that the physiological effects of INA, SA, and their active analogs are mediated by the same mechanism of action: inhibition of catalase's ability to degrade H₂0₂[2].

References

[1] S. Chandrashekar, S. Umesha. “2,6-Dichloroisonicotinic acid enhances the expression of defense genes in tomato seedlings against Xanthomonas perforans.” Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 86 (2014): Pages 49-56.
[2] Uwe Conrath. “Two inducers of plant defense responses, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinec acid and salicylic acid, inhibit catalase activity in tobacco.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92 16 1 (1995): 7143–7.