Zaldaride

Originator

Zaldaride maleate,Ciba-Geigy (Novartis)

Definition

ChEBI: 3-[1-[(4-methyl-6H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][4,1]benzoxazepin-4-yl)methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-one is a member of benzimidazoles.

Manufacturing Process

A mixture of 500 g of methyl anthranilate and 438 g of 2,5- dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in 670 ml of glacial acetic acid is heated at reflux temperature for 1.5 hours. The acetic acid is then evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue is distilled to yield methyl 2-(1H-pyrrol-1- yl)benzoate, b.p. 109°C/0.1 mm Hg.
To a suspension of 117 g of lithium aluminum hydride in 2 L of anhydrous ether (under an inert atmosphere) is added dropwise a solution of 428 g of methyl 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzoate in 1.5 L of ether over a period of 4 hours. The reaction mixture is then heated at reflux temperature for an additional 4 hours and then allowed to cool to room temperature. After cooling in an ice- bath, the excess lithium aluminum hydride is destroyed by the dropwise addition of 117 ml of water over 1 hour, followed by dropwise addition of 117 ml of 15% sodium hydroxide and subsequent addition of 351 ml of water over a 30 minute period. The resultant granular solid is separated by filtration, the ether layer is then dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzyl alcohol which may be further purified by distillation in vacuum; BP: 110°-114°C/0.1 mm Hg.
To a solution of 34.6 g of 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzyl alcohol in 300 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran and 32 ml of tetramethylethylene diamine is added 183 ml of a 2.4 molar solution of n-butyl lithium in such a manner that the internal temperature of the reaction is maintained below 30°C. On completion of the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is then cooled to -70°C by means of a dry-ice/acetone bath, and 24 ml of ethyl pyruvate is added to the mixture over 1 minute. The reaction is then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight (18 hours). The reaction is then poured into an ice-water/ether mixture and the organic phase separated, dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to yield ethyl-4-methyl-4H,6H- pyrrolo[1,2-a][4,1]benzoxazepine-4-carboxylate, MP: 94°-96°C, which may be recrystallized from a mixture of ether-hexane (1:1).
The mixture of 41 g thereof, 180 ml of 3 N sodium hydroxide and 150 ml of ethanol is heated at reflux temperature for 6 hours. The ethanol is then removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the aqueous solution is acidified to pH 5 with 6 N HCl. The resulting product, 4-methyl-4H,6H- pyrrolo[1,2-a][4,1]benzoxazepine-4-carboxylic acid, MP: 182°-183°C, is collected by filtration, and may be recrystallized from aqueous ethanol.
To a solution of 7.5 g thereof, in 300 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added 5 g of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and the resultant mixture stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To this mixture is added 5 g of 1,3-dihydro-1-(4- piperidyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, and the reaction is heated at reflux temperature for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture is poured into 150 ml of ice-water and extracted into 150 ml of methylene chloride. The organic extracts are washed successively with 150 ml of sodium carbonate solution, 150 ml of water and 150 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 1,3-dihydro-1-{1-[(4-methyl- 4H,6H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][4,1]benzoxazepin-4-yl)carbonyl]-4-piperidinyl}-2H- benzimidazol-2-one, m.p. 208°-210°C.
To a suspension of 3.0 g of 1,3-dihydro-1-{1-[(4-methyl-4H,6H-pyrrolo[1,2- a][4,1]benzoxazepin-4-yl)carbonyl]-4-piperidinyl}-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in 120 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added 700 mg of lithium aluminum hydride. The reaction mixture is then heated at reflux temperature for 6 hours followed by stirring at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with 150 ml of ether and the excess lithium aluminum hydride destroyed in the usual manner described below. The resulting granular precipitate is removed by filtration. The organic phase is washed with 150 ml of dilute sodium hydroxide and then 150 ml of brine. The organic extracts are then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 1,3-dihydro-1-{1-[(4-methyl-4H,6H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][4,1]-benzoxazepin-4- yl)-methyl]-4-piperidinyl}-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, MP: 199°-201°C. This is then converted into its maleate salt by dissolving separately the free base and a molar equivalent amount of maleic acid in acetone, and combining the solutions. The 1:1 maleate salt crystallizes upon standing, has MP: 183°- 185°C.
The 1:1 fumarate salt prepared in a similar manner has a melting point of 125°-127°C.

Therapeutic Function

Antidiarrheal