Vagistat

Absorption

Systemic absorption following a single intravaginal application of tioconazole in nonpregnant patients is negligible.

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include erythema, stinging, blistering, peeling, edema, pruritus, urticaria, burning, and general irritation of the skin, and cramps.

Description

Tioconazole is an antifungal agent, closely related to miconazole. Tioconazole is effective in the topical treatment of superficial fungal infections and appears to be more potent than miconazole against Candida and Trichophyton species.

Chemical properties

White powder EINECS: 265-973-8

Originator

Pfizer (United Kiugdom)

The Uses of Vagistat

antithrombotic

The Uses of Vagistat

Tioconazole is an antifungal that is more active than Fluconazole (F421000) or Voriconazole (V760000) against Candida glabrata mutant strains. Antifungal (topical).

The Uses of Vagistat

Potent inhibitor of cytochrome-P450

What are the applications of Application

Tioconazole is a cytochrome-P450 inhibitor

Indications

For the local treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (moniliasis).

Background

Tioconazole is an imidazole antifungal used to treat fungal and yeast infections. Topical formulations are used for ringworm, jock itch, athlete's foot, and tinea versicolor or "sun fungus". Tioconazole interacts with 14-alpha demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol, an essential component of the yeast membrane. In this way, tioconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis, resulting in increased cellular permeability.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.

Indications

Topical treatment of mycoses of the skin induced or sustained by fungi such as dermatophytes and yeasts. In addition, tioconazole is indicated for therapy of vulvovaginal mycoses caused by Candida species and Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata.

Manufacturing Process

A solution of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanol (1.5 g, 5.8 mmol) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (0.39 g, as 80% dispersion in oil, 16 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) and warmed to 70°C for 90 minutes. The mixture was cooled in ice and a solution of 2-chloro-3- chloromethylthiophene (8.8 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran was added. The mixture was heated at 70°C for 3 hours and allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue stirred with dry ether (200 ml). The ether solution was filtered through Celite and saturated with hydrogen chloride gas to precipitate an oil which was solidified by trituration with ether and ethyl acetate. The solid product was collected and recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and diisopropyl ether to give the product, melting point 168°C to 170°C.

brand name

TROSYL

Therapeutic Function

Antifungal

Antimicrobial activity

Tioconazole is a broad-spectrum imidazole antimycotic with activity against almost all species of pathogenic fungi.

Pharmacokinetics

Tioconazole is a broad-spectrum imidazole antifungal agent that inhibits the growth of human pathogenic yeasts. Tioconazole exhibits fungicidal activity in vitro against Candida albicans, other species of the genus Candida, and against Torulopsis glabrata. Tioconazole prevents the growth and function of some fungal organisms by interfering with the production of substances needed to preserve the cell membrane. This drug is effective only for infections caused by fungal organisms. It will not work for bacterial or viral infections.

Pharmacokinetics

Tioconazole is normally not absorbed after topical application to the skin [173]. On vaginal application of an ovulum containing 300 mg tioconazole, a serum concentration of 21 μg/mL was observed after 8 h.

Clinical Use

1-[2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-ethyl]-1H-imidazole (Vagistat) is used for the treatment ofvulvovaginal candidiasis. A vaginal ointment containing6.5% of the free base is available. Tioconazole is more effectiveagainst Torulopsis glabrata than are other azoles.

Side Effects

Local irritations such as itching, burning sensations, erythema, and dermatitis, and allergic reactions may occur in rare cases and are mainly due to the galenic formulation.

Metabolism

Orally administered tioconazole is extensively metabolized. The major metabolites are glucuronide conjugates.