Theophylline
Synonym(s):1,3-Dimethylxanthine;2,6-Dihydroxy-1,3-dimethylpurine;3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione;Theophylline
- CAS NO.:58-55-9
- Empirical Formula: C7H8N4O2
- Molecular Weight: 180.16
- MDL number: MFCD00079619
- EINECS: 200-385-7
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2024-05-16 17:35:26
What is Theophylline?
Absorption
Theophylline is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration in solution or immediate-release solid oral dosage form.
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include seizures, arrhythmias, and GI effects.
Description
Theophylline is a methylxanthine that acts as a weak bronchodilator. It is useful for chronic therapy and is not helpful in acute exacerbations.
Theophylline is a methylxanthine alkaloid that is a competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE; Ki = 100 μM). It is also a non-selective antagonist of adenosine A receptors (Ki = 14 μM for A1 and A2). Theophylline induces relaxation of feline bronchiole smooth muscle precontracted with acetylcholine (EC40 = 117 μM; EC80 = 208 μM). Formulations containing theophylline have been used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The Uses of Theophylline
theophylline is tonic and skin conditioning. Its cosmetic activity is not clearly or definitively established. It is most often found in anti-cellulite products. Theophylline is in the same family of bio chemicals as caffeine. It is naturally occurring in tea.
Background
A methylxanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Mechanistically, theophylline acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, and histone deacetylase activator. Theophylline is marketed under several brand names such as Uniphyl and Theochron, and it is indicated mainly for asthma, bronchospasm, and COPD.
Indications
For the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
What are the applications of Application
Theophylline is an inhibitor of cyclic phosphodiesterase
Pharmacokinetics
Theophylline, an xanthine derivative chemically similar to caffeine and theobromine, is used to treat asthma and bronchospasm. Theophylline has two distinct actions in the airways of patients with reversible (asthmatic) obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation (i.e., bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli (i.e., non-bronchodilator prophylactic effects).
Metabolism
Hepatic. Biotransformation takes place through demethylation to 1-methylxanthine and 3-methylxanthine and hydroxylation to 1,3-dimethyluric acid. 1-methylxanthine is further hydroxylated, by xanthine oxidase, to 1-methyluric acid. About 6% of a theophylline dose is N-methylated to caffeine. Caffeine and 3-methylxanthine are the only theophylline metabolites with pharmacologic activity.
Properties of Theophylline
Melting point: | 271-273 °C |
Boiling point: | 312.97°C (rough estimate) |
Density | 1.3640 (rough estimate) |
Flash point: | 11 °C |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | 0.1 M HCl: soluble |
form | powder |
color | white |
Water Solubility | 8.3 g/L (20 ºC) |
Safety information for Theophylline
Signal word | Danger |
Pictogram(s) |
Skull and Crossbones Acute Toxicity GHS06 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H301:Acute toxicity,oral |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P270:Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P301+P310:IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. P405:Store locked up. P501:Dispose of contents/container to..… |
Computed Descriptors for Theophylline
InChIKey | ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Orgamine Chemicals(I) Pvt Ltd
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