Sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate

Chemical properties

white crystals

Chemical properties

The USP 32 states that dibasic sodium phosphate is dried or contains, 1, 2, 7, or 12 molecules of water of hydration. Anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate occurs as a white powder. The dihydrate occurs as white or almost white, odorless crystals.
The heptahydrate occurs as colorless crystals or as a white granular or caked salt that effloresces in warm, dry air. The dodecahydrate occurs as strongly efflorescent, colorless or transparent crystals.

The Uses of Sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate

Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Dodecahydrate is used in method for preparing self-supporting membrane.

The Uses of Sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate

Laxative.

What are the applications of Application

Sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate is a reagent with high buffering capacity

Definition

ChEBI: A hydrate that is the dodecahydrate form of disodium hydrogenphosphate

Production Methods

Either bone phosphate (bone ash), obtained by heating bones to whiteness, or the mineral phosphorite is used as a source of tribasic calcium phosphate, which is the starting material in the industrial production of dibasic sodium phosphate.
Tribasic calcium phosphate is finely ground and digested with sulfuric acid. This mixture is then leached with hot water and neutralized with sodium carbonate, and dibasic sodium phosphate is crystallized from the filtrate.

General Description

Sodium phosphate is a colorless crystalline sodium salt. It is widely used as a buffer in molecular biology, biochemistry, and chromatographic studies. It exists in three forms: monobasic (NaH₂PO₄), dibasic (Na₂HPO₄), and tribasic (Na₃PO₄). Monobasic and dibasic forms in varying ratios are commonly used to compose the neutral sodium phosphate buffer solution.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Dibasic sodium phosphate is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations as a buffering agent and as a sequestering agent. Therapeutically, dibasic sodium phosphate is used as a mild laxative and in the treatment of hypophosphatemia.
Dibasic sodium phosphate is also used in food products; for example as an emulsifier in processed cheese.

Safety

Dibasic sodium phosphate is widely used as an excipient in parenteral, oral, and topical pharmaceutical formulations. Phosphate occurs extensively in the body and is involved in many physiological processes since it is the principal anion of intracellular fluid. Most foods contain adequate amounts of phosphate, making hypophosphatemia (phosphate deficiency) virtually unknown except for certain disease states or in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Treatment is usually by the oral administration of up to 100 mmol of phosphate daily.
Approximately two-thirds of ingested phosphate is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, virtually all of it being excreted in the urine, and the remainder is excreted in the feces.
Excessive administration of phosphate, particularly intravenously, rectally, or in patients with renal failure, can cause hyperphosphatemia that may lead to hypocalcemia or other severe electrolyte imbalances. Adverse effects occur less frequently following oral consumption, although phosphates act as mild saline laxatives when administered orally or rectally. Consequently, gastrointestinal disturbances including diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting may occur following the use of dibasic sodium phosphate as an excipient in oral formulations. However, the level of dibasic sodium phosphate used as an excipient in a pharmaceutical formulation is not usually associated with adverse effects.
LD50 (rat, oral): 17 g/kg

storage

The anhydrous form of dibasic sodium phosphate is hygroscopic. When heated to 40℃, the dodecahydrate fuses; at 100℃ it loses its water of crystallization; and at a dull-red heat (about 240℃) it is converted into the pyrophosphate, Na4P2O7. Aqueous solutions of dibasic sodium phosphate are stable and may be sterilized by autoclaving.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container, in a cool, dry place.

Incompatibilities

Dibasic sodium phosphate is incompatible with alkaloids, antipyrine, chloral hydrate, lead acetate, pyrogallol, resorcinol and calcium gluconate, and ciprofloxacin. Interaction between calcium and phosphate, leading to the formation of insoluble calcium-phosphate precipitates, is possible in parenteral admixtures.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted in Europe for use as a food additive. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections; infusions; nasal, ophthalmic, oral, otic, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.