Sodium hyaluronate

Chemical properties

The PhEur 6.3 describes sodium hyaluronate as the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine disaccharide units. Sodium hyaluronate occurs as white to off-white powder or granules. It is very hygroscopic.

The Uses of Sodium hyaluronate

sodium hyaluronate is used as a humectant to increase moisture in the skin, it may also serve as an emulsifier. Sodium hyaluronate is capable of binding 1,800 times its own weight in water. It is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid and is the most commonly used form.

What are the applications of Application

Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Salt is a natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating β1,3-glucuronidic and β1,4-glucosaminidic bonds

Definition

Sodium Hyaluronate is a polysaccharide of linear and repeating structural units of the disaccharide D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylD-glucosamine. Hyaluronic acid in human body usually present as polymers with several million molecular weight, and the structural difference by the animal species has not been confirmed.

Production Methods

Sodium hyaluronate occurs naturally in vitreous humor, serum, chicken combs, shark skin, and whale cartilage; it is usually extracted and purified from chicken combs. It may also be manufactured by fermentation of selected Streptococcus zooepidemicus bacterial strains; sodium hyaluronate is removed from the fermentation medium by filtration and purified by ultrafiltration. It is then precipitated with an organic solvent and dried.

What are the applications of Application

Sodium Hyaluronic is is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. Sodium hyaluronate is widely used as follows:
antifungal agent.
prevents thromboembolic complications.
aldosterone antagonist used as an adjunct in the management of chronic heart failure.
suitable as substrate for hyaluronidase.
Surgical aid (ophthalmological).

brand name

Equron [Veterinary] (Fort Dodge Animal Health); Legend (Bayer Animal Health); Synacid [Veterinary] (Schering-Plough Animal Health).

Pharmaceutical Applications

Sodium hyaluronate is the predominant form of hyaluronic acid at physiological pH. The name hyaluronan is used when the polysaccharide is mentioned in general terms, and in the literature the terms hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate are used interchangeably.
Hyaluronan is used therapeutically to treat osteoarthritis in the knee, and is an effective treatment for arthritic pain. Crosslinked hyaluronan gels are used as drug delivery systems.
Hyaluronan is the most common negatively charged glycosaminoglycan in the human vitreous humor, and is known to interact with polymeric and liposomal DNA complexes, where hyaluronan solutions have been shown to decrease the cellular uptake of complexes.(4) This is useful for enhancing the availability and retention time of drugs administered to the eye. It is immunoneutral, which makes it useful for the attachment of biomaterials for use in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems; it also has important applications in the fields of vascosurgery and vascosupplementation.

Biochem/physiol Actions

High molecular mass polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine which forms the core of complex proteoglycan aggregates found in extracellular matrix.

Safety

Sodium hyaluronate is used in cosmetics and in topical, parenteral, and ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material. Sodium hyaluronate has been reported to be an experimental teratogen.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 1.5 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, IP): 1.82 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 1.77 g/kg

storage

Sodium hyaluronate should be stored in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers. The powder is stable for 3 years if stored in unopened containers.

Regulatory Status

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical gel preparation).