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HomeProduct name listSivelestat sodium

Sivelestat sodium

Sivelestat sodium Structural

What is Sivelestat sodium?

Description

Sivelestat is an acyl enzyme inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, developed as an injectable formulation for the treatment of acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. A neutrophil predominant inflammation associated with excessive release of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) from azurophilic granules is capable of damaging both the lung parenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix allowing an alveolar capillary barrier disruption. Sivelestat is a sulfonanilide-containing pivaloyloxy benzene derivative prepared in a three step synthesis. This agent acts as a reversible and selective inhibitor of HNE with an lG.0 value of 0.044 PM. Sivelestat has exhibited potent protective effects against various causes of lung injuries in animal models. In an acid-induced acute lung injury model in conscious hamster, administration of sivelestat for 48 h following HCI instillation, dose-dependently reduced mortality and significantly improved the protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and pulmonary artery pressure. In a similar study, the agent inhibited the endotoxin-induced acute lung dysfunctions (marked elevation of pulmonary vascular permeability, leukocyte migration, hemorrhage and parenchymal injury) in different animal species. Moreover, in a cardiopulmonary bypass model in dog, sivelestat ameliorated the respiratory index and interstitial-intra-alveolar edema. Sivelestat has a relatively poor bioavailability, due to an extensive first-pass metabolism and is easily hydrolyzed in vitro to an inactive metabolite. In two animal species, the half-life time was approximately 5-7 min. Clinical trials have shown that treatment with the agent improves respiratory function and facilitates early removal of patients from mechanical ventilation. However, in the last clinical study, conducted by Eli Lilly in patients with acute lung injury, no difference in mortality and safety was seen between sivelestat and placebo.

Description

Sivelestat is an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (IC50 = 44 nM for the human enzyme). It is selective for neutrophil elastase over trypsin, thrombin, plasmin, kallikrein, chymotrypsin, and cathepsin G at 100 μM. Sivelestat inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced by ionomycin (Item Nos. 10004974 | 11932) in isolated mouse neutrophils. It decreases LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in isolated rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) at 50 mM. Sivelestat (10 mg/kg) reduces pulmonary edema, increases in the number of cells in the lung tissue positive for myeloperoxidase (MPO), a marker of neutrophil infiltration, and the severity of lung injury in a rat model of LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Originator

Ono Pharmaceutical (Japan)

The Uses of Sivelestat sodium

Treatment of acute lung injury; acute respiratory distress syndrome (elastase inhibitor).

What are the applications of Application

Sivelestat sodium tetrahydrate is an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase

Definition

ChEBI: Sivelestat sodium hydrate is a N-acylglycine. It is functionally related to a N-benzoylglycine.

brand name

Elaspol

Synthesis

The synthesis of sivelestat (24) started with the amide formation between 2- nitrobenzoyl chloride (203) and glycine benzyl ester p-tolene sulfonic acid salt (204) in the presence of TEA to give amide 205 in 90% yield. Amide 205 was then reduced with iron power under acidic conditions to give corresponding amine 206 in 81% yield. Alternatively, the mixture of activated Raney nickel, nitro compound 205, acetic acid and 1,3- dimethyl-2-imidazolinone (DMI) under 25 atmospheric pressure of hydrogen at 40oC in an autoclave can give the same free amine 206 in 88% yield. Free amine 206 was treated with p-pivaloyloxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (207) in pyridine to yield sulfonamide 208 in 87% yield. Benzyl ester 208 was converted to its free carboxylic acid under hydrogenation, and the carboxylic acid was subsequently basified to give sivelestat sodium (24).

Synthesis_201677-61-4

References

1) Kawabata et al. (1991), ONO-5046, a novel inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 177 814 2) Hagiwara et al. (2009), Neutrophil elastase inhibitor (sivelestat) reduces the levels of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NFκB; Inflamm. Res., 58 198 3) Young et al. (2007), Role of neutrophil elastase in LTB4-induced neutrophil transmigration in vivo assessed with a specific inhibitor and neutrophil elastase deficient mice; Br. J. Phamracol., 151 628 4) Iwamoto et al. (2009), Protective effect of sivelestat sodium hydrate (ONO-5046) on ischemic spinal cord injury; Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg., 8 606 5) Iwata et al. (2010), Effect of neutrophil elastase inhibitor (sivelestat sodium) in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a systemic review and meta-analysis; Intern. Med., 49 2423

Properties of Sivelestat sodium

storage temp.  Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility  Soluble in DMSO (up to 20 mg/ml).
form  White solid.
color  White
Stability: Stable for 1 year from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO may be stored at -20°C for up to 2 months
CAS DataBase Reference 201677-61-4(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety information for Sivelestat sodium

Signal word Warning
Pictogram(s)
ghs
Exclamation Mark
Irritant
GHS07
GHS Hazard Statements H302:Acute toxicity,oral
H315:Skin corrosion/irritation
H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation
H335:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure;Respiratory tract irritation
Precautionary Statement Codes P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Computed Descriptors for Sivelestat sodium

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