PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

The Uses of PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

Piperazine Dihydrochloride is an anthelmintic agent used in the treatment of parasitic worms in animals.

The Uses of PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

It is used as a one day wormer, either in water or feed, for the control of Round worms in poultry, swine, and horses. It also controls nodular worms in swine, and small strongyles in horses.

The Uses of PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

In the manufacture of fibers, pharmarceuticals, and insecticides.

General Description

White to cream-colored needles or powder. Mp: 318-20°C (with decomposition).

Reactivity Profile

PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE is incompatible with the following: Water, HEAT, flames, oxidizers. PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE absorbs moisture from air. PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE may create flammable condition upon contact with HEAT, FLAMES and OXIDIZERS.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and HCl. Used in making fiber, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides. See also PIPERAZINE.

Potential Exposure

Agricultural chemical, Suspected reprotoxic hazard. Piperazine is used to manufacture anthelmintics, antifilarials, antihistamines, and tranquilizers; the dihydrochloride is used in the manufacture of fibers, pharmaceuticals and insecticides. They are used as an intermediate in the manufacture of, pesticides, rubber chemicals and fibers. Also, piperazine is widely available, effective, and safe when used on an occasional basis against ascaride infections. It is also considerably cheaper than other anthelminthic drugs. In some countries where ascariasis is not endemic and where piperazine was used predominantly for the treatment of pinworn, it has been withdrawn from use on the grounds that other effective drugs are now available. Clinical dosages occasionally induce transient neurological signs and, in some circumstances, the drug may generate small amounts of nitrosamine in the stomach, which at considerably greater dosage in experimental animals has been demonstrated to have a carcinogenic potential.

Carcinogenicity

Piperazine dihydrochloride is an irritant and sensitizer. Little information exists on the toxicology of piperazine dihydrochloride in humans or in animals. Acute human exposures to the dust have reportedly resulted in irritation to the eyes, mild to moderate skin burns, and sensitization. Exposure levels and duration were not available.

Purification Methods

Crystallise the salt from aqueous EtOH and dry it at 110o. [Beilstein 23 III/IV 17, 23/1 V 30.]

Incompatibilities

Aqueous solution is a strong base. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers and dicyanofurazan. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, nitrogen compounds, carbon tetrachloride. Attacks aluminum, copper, nickel, magnesium and zinc.