Oxandrolone

Toxicity

The oral LD50 of oxandrolone in mice and dogs is greater than 5,000 mg/kg.

Description

Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid. It is a 17 alpha-methylated version of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It can be used for the treatment of many kinds of disorders such as idiopathic short stature, body mass loss due to catabolic illness, severe burns, trauma and hereditary angioedema as well as turner syndrome. Oxandrolone is especially effective in the treatment of severe burns without causing obvious side effects. It acts as an agonist of the androgen receptor, which modulates related gene expression to increase protein synthesis, further boosting muscle growth and increasing body mass as well as bone mineral density. However, it should be noted that its androgenic effect is less than its anabolic effect.

Chemical properties

white Solid. Soluble in chloroform, slightly soluble in ethanol, acetone, slightly soluble in ether, very slightly soluble in water.

Originator

Anavar,Searle,US,1964

The Uses of Oxandrolone

Oxandrolone is used for the same indications as nandrolone. It is a synthetic, anabolic steroid. Used to promote muscle growth and combat involuntary weight loss. It has also been used to treat cases of osteoporosis.

The Uses of Oxandrolone

androgenic anabolic steroid;reverses catabolic tissue processes; promotes buildup of protein; increases erythropoietin production

Background

A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.

Indications

Use to promote weight gain after weight loss following extensive surgery.

Definition

ChEBI: Oxandrolone is a 3-oxo steroid, an oxa-steroid, a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and an anabolic androgenic steroid. It has a role as an androgen and an anabolic agent.

brand name

Oxandrin (Savient).

Therapeutic Function

Androgen

General Description

Oxandrolone, 17β-hydroxy-17-methyl-2-oxaandrostan-3-one, is approved to aid in the promotionof weight gain after weight loss following surgery,chronic infections, or severe trauma and to offset protein catabolismassociated with long-term corticosteroid use.Oxandrolone is also used to relieve bone pain accompanyingosteoporosis. It has been used to treat alcoholic hepatitisand HIV wasting syndrome.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It is is a non-aromatizable androgen with no estrogenic effects and with mild androgenic activity. Clinical uses of oxandrolone include to promote weight gain after weight loss following extensive surgery or chronic infections or trauma, to offset the protein catabolism associated with prolonged administration of corticosteroids, to relieve bone pain frequently accompanying osteoporosis, and to treat Turner′s syndrome in girls.

Pharmacokinetics

Oxandrolone is an anabolic steroids indicated as adjunctive therapy to promote weight gain after weight loss following extensive surgery, chronic infections, or severe trauma, and in some patients who without definite pathophysiologic reasons fail to gain or to maintain normal weight, to offset the protein catabolism associated with prolonged administration of corticosteroids, and for the relief of the bone pain frequently accompanying osteoporosis. Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion andintraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects.When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke andfumes.

Synthesis

Oxandrolone, 17|?-hydroxy-17|á-methyl-2-oxa-5-androstan-3-one (29.3.10), is made by oxidation of the C1¨CC2 double bond of 17|?-hydroxy-17|á-methyl-1-androsten- 3-one by a mixture of lead tetraacetate and osmium tetroxide with an opening of the A ring of the steroid system, which forms an aldehyde acid (29.3.9). Upon reducing the aldehyde group with sodium borohydride, intramolecular cyclization takes place, directly forming a lactone (29.3.10), which is the desired oxandrolone.

Metabolism

Renal

References

Li, H., et al. "The efficacy and safety of oxandrolone treatment for patients with severe burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis. " Burns Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries 42.4(2016): 717.
Hart, D. W., et al. "Anabolic effects of oxandrolone after severe burn." Annals of Surgery 233.4(2001): 556-564.
Sheffieldmoore, M, et al. "Short-term oxandrolone administration stimulates net muscle protein synthesis in young men. " Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84.8(1999): 2705-11.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxandrolone