LACOSAMIDE

Absorption

Lacosamide has a negligible first pass effect with bioavailability of about 100%. The maximum Lacosamide plasma concentrations occur about 1-4 hours after oral administration, and the pharmacokinetics of Lacosamide are dose proportional. Food does not affect absorption.

Description

Although epilepsy is a neurological disorder with varying etiology and severity, the common feature is unprovoked, recurring seizures. Whether classified as generalized, involving both cerebral hemispheres, or partial with only localized portions of brain participation at onset, effective treatment relies on accurate assessment of syndrome type to optimally decrease the frequency, duration, and severity of seizures. The latest weapon against partial onset epilepsy is lacosamide, formerly known as harkoseride and erlosamide. The data also indicate that lacosamide binds to collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2); CRMP2 is involved in neuronal differentiation, control of axonal outgrowth, and possibly epileptogenesis. Furthermore, lacosamide is heralded as having a dual mode of action as it has also displayed efficacy against diabetic neuropathy, possibly as a result of stabilization of neuronal hyperexcitability. Currently,lacosamide is approved as adjunctive treatment of partial onset seizures in patients 17 years or older and is in development as a monotherapy for epilepsy and for neuropathic pain.

The Uses of LACOSAMIDE

A potent anticonvulsant.

Indications

Lacosamide is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients aged one month and older and as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients aged four years and older.

Background

Lacosamide is a functionalized amino acid that has activity in the maximal electroshock seizure test, and is indicated for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and diabetic neuropathic pain. Recent studies indicate that Lacosamide only affects those neurons which are depolarized or active for long periods of time, typical of neurons at the focus of an epileptic seizure, as opposed to other antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine or lamotrigine which slow the recovery from inactivation and reduce the ability of neurons to fire action potentials.

Pharmacokinetics

Lacosamide therapy is correlated with a decrease in seizure frequency. It should be noted that in group analyses, dosages above 400 mg/day do not appear to result in additional benefit.

Metabolism

Lacosamide is a CYP2C19 substrate. The relative contribution of other CYP isoforms or non-CYP enzymes in the metabolism of lacosamide is not known. Primary compounds excreted were unchanged lacosamide (approximately 40% of the dose), its O-desmethyl metabolite (approximately 30%), and a structurally unknown polar fraction (~20%). The plasma exposure of the major human metabolite, O-desmethyl-lacosamide, is approximately 10% of that of lacosamide. This metabolite has no known pharmacological activity.