iodamide

Originator

Uromiro,Heyden,W. Germany,1965

The Uses of iodamide

Diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium).

Definition

ChEBI: A benzoic acid compound having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions, an acetamido substituent at the 3-position and an acetamidomethyl substituent at the 5-position.

Manufacturing Process

65.4 g (0.24 mol) 3-acetylaminomethyl-4-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid were dissolved in a mixture of 48 ml 10N sodium hydroxide and 1,800 ml water. 12 g of a 10% palladium catalyst on a carbon carrier were added, and the nitrobenzoic acid derivative was hydrogenated at slightly elevated temperature and at atmospheric pressure. The hydrogen was avidly absorbed. The nitro group was fully reduced to the corresponding amino radical within about 20 to 40 minutes, and 99 to 100% of the amount of chlorine ions to be theoretically expected was formed. Hydrogen absorption then stopped.
The catalyst was removed by filtration. The filtrate was diluted to about 18 liters, and was acidified with 15 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid. With vigorous stirring, 1,152 ml N KlCl2 solution were run into the diluted filtrateover a period of about 20 to 30 minutes. A solid precipitate was formed, and was filtered off after about six hours. The solid material was washed with water, with sodium bisulfite solution, and again with water. It was dissolved in aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution, the solution was filtered, and the filtrate was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid containing a small amount of sodium bisulfite. After a short time, the precipitate formed was filtered with suction, washed with water, and dried.
There were obtained 109 g 3-acetylaminomethyl-5-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid which decomposes and melts at approximately 230°C. The equivalent weight was determined experimentally as being 591, as compared to a theoretical value of 586.
A suspension of 40 g 3-acetylaminomethyl-5-amino-2,4,6-triodobenzoic acid in 180 ml acetic anhydride were mixed with 0.4 ml concentrated sulfuric acid. An exothermic reaction was thereby initiated. Acetylation was completed by heating to 80°C for three hours. The reaction mixture was then evaporated to dryness in a vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. The residue was treated with a mixture of 30 ml concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide and 40 ml water, whereby the solid material dissolved with spontaneous heating. Within a few minutes, the ammonium salt of the acetylated product started precipitating. The precipitate and residual liquid were cooled externally with ice after about 15 minutes. The salt was separated from the liquid by filtration with suction, and was washed with ice cold saturated ammonium chloride solution.
The salt was dissolved in 300 ml water, and insoluble matter was removed from the solution by filtration. The free acid was precipitated from the filtrate at 50°C to 60°C by the addition of 40 ml 1:1 hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was filtered off after a few hours, washed with water, and dried. There were obtained 34 g 3-acetylaminomethyl-5-acetylamino-2,4,6- triiodobenzoic acid (79% of theoretical yield) having a melting point of 246°C to 248°C. The equivalent weight of this practically pure acid was found to be 631 as compared to the calculated value of 627.96.
When recrystallized from glacial acetic acid, the pure acid melts at 255°C to 257°C.

brand name

Renovue (Bracco).

Therapeutic Function

Diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium)

Safety Profile

Mildly toxic by intraperitoneal andintravenous routes. When heated to decomposition it emitsvery toxic fumes of NOx and HI.