Imatinib mesylate

Description

In May 2001, the FDA approved imatinib as a new cancer drug after a record review time of just 2.5 months. Imatinib was launched as Gleevec in the US for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, accelerated phase or chronic phase after interferon-alpha failure. Imatinib mesylate is a c-Abl, PDGFR, and c-kit inhibitor that halts chronic myelogenous leukemia related growth. Imatinib is the first of a new class of anticancer drugs that are specifically designed to target the molecular pathways involved (oncogenic event) in the development of disease. The Brc-Abl oncoprotein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that causes CML.

Chemical properties

Off-White Solid

Originator

Novartis (Switzerland)

The Uses of Imatinib mesylate

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Highly specific for BCR-ABL, the enzyme associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and certain forms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

The Uses of Imatinib mesylate

Imatinib Mesylate is orally bioavailability mesylate salt of Imatinib, which is a multi-target inhibitor of v-Abl, c-Kit and PDGFR with IC50 of 0.6 μM, 0.1 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively. Imatinib also known as Gleevec, Glivec, CGP-57148B, STI-571 & Imatinib

The Uses of Imatinib mesylate

Imatinib Mesylate (STI571) is an orally bioavailability mesylate salt of Imatinib, which is a multi-target inhibitor of v-Abl, c-Kit and PDGFR with IC50 of 0.6 μM, 0.1 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively.

The Uses of Imatinib mesylate

echinocandin antifungal, active against infections with Aspergillus and Candida, inhibits cell wall synthesis

Definition

ChEBI: A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.

brand name

Gleevec, Glivec

General Description

Imatinib is available in 100- and 400-mg capsules for oraladministration and is indicated for the treatment of CML,gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that express Kit andacute lymphoplastic leukemia that is positive for thePhiladelphia chromosome.
Bioavailability of the agent is nearly 100% by the oralroute. The agent is highly protein bound and metabolized tothe N-desmethyl derivative by CYP3A4-mediated removalof the piperazinyl methyl group. The resulting metabolite issimilar to the parent in activity. Elimination occurs primarilyin the feces, and the terminal half-life is 18 hours forthe parent and 40 hours of the N-desmethyl metabolite.Resistant forms of the TK are known, which have alteredamino acids that prevent binding. In addition, there may beincreased levels of the kinase itself. The drug is also a substratefor Pgp and an additional efflux transporter known asbreast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), both of which removethe drug from the cell. These transporters are also inhibitedby the agent as well. Severe side effects include ascites,neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, skin rash, andpulmonary edema. Less serious side effects include nausea/vomiting, heartburn, and headache but overall, the agentis better tolerated than most other medications used in treatingthe disease.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Imatinib is a potent inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl kinase encoded by the bcr-abl oncogene as well as receptor tyrosine kinases encoded by c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) oncogenes. Imatinib mesylate inhibition of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase created by the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality found in CML decreases proliferation and enhances apoptosis in leukemias CML and ALL. Inhibition of c-kit tyrosine activity inhibits mast-cell and cellular proliferation in those diseases overexpressing c-kit such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

The Uses of Imatinib mesylate

Imatinib mesylate is a c-Abl, PDGFR, and c-kit inhibitor that halts chronic myelogenous leukemia related growth. 

Bioactivity

Imatinib Mesylate is orally bioavailability mesylate salt of Imatinib, which is a multi-target inhibitor of v-Abl, c-Kit and PDGFR with IC50 of 0.6 μM, 0.1 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively. Imatinib also known as Gleevec, Glivec, CGP-57148B, STI-571 & Imatinib. Imatinib is a competitive inhibitor of this tyrosine kinase as well as Abl, Kit and the PDGFR kinases It binds to the ATP-binding site of the target kinase and prevents the transfer of phosphate from ATP to the tyrosine residues of various substrates and consequently blocks the proliferation of the leukemic cells.

Adverse Effects

The drug is well tolerated, producing few side effects, classified as grade 1 nausea, muscle cramps, diarrhea, edema and vomiting.

storage

+4°C

Synthesis

Quetiapine fumarate can be prepared by a four step sequence from a condensation of the 1-(3-pyridyl)ethanone with dimethyl formamide dimethylacetal, followed by successive cyclization with the methyl-nitrophenyl guanidine, hydrogenolysis and condensation with the benzoyl chloride of the methylpiperazine.

References

1) Buchdunger, et al.(1996) Inhibition of the Abl Protein-Tyrosine Kinase in Vitro and in Vivo by a 2-Phenylpyrimidine Derivative; Cancer Res. 56 100 2) Heinrich et al (2000) Inhibition of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase activity by STI 571, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Blood 96 925 3) Morioka et al. (2016) Effect of Collagen Type 1 or Human Fibronectin on Imatinib Cytotoxicity in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 7 255 [Focus Biomolecules Citation] 4) Hazekawa et al. (2017) Assessment of cytotoxicity of imatinib for oral squamous cell carcinoma by a real-time cell analysis system; E. J. Bio., 13 56 [ Focus Biomolecules Citation]