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HomeProduct name listHARMANE

HARMANE

Synonym(s):1-Methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole;2-Methyl-β-carboline;Aribine

  • CAS NO.:486-84-0
  • Empirical Formula: C12H10N2
  • Molecular Weight: 182.22
  • MDL number: MFCD00004957
  • EINECS: 207-642-2
  • SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
  • Update Date: 2024-11-19 20:33:22
HARMANE Structural

What is HARMANE?

Description

Chrysin (on the left) and harman (right) are organic compounds with distinctly different structures, but both are found in the passionflower species Passiflora caerulea and P. incarnata.
Chrysin, also called 5,7-dihydroxyflavone, was first isolated from the wood of pine trees (Pinus spp.) in 1949 by G?sta Linstedt at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm). Harman (or harmane), a pyridoindole derivative, was discovered much earlier (1861) in the bark of P. incarnata and other trees by German researcher R. Rieth.
What do chrysin and harman have in common besides occurrence in trees, specifically P. incarnata? More than 500 passionflower species have been used as traditional folk remedies for anxiety and other medical conditions almost everywhere that they grow on Earth. For at least 20 years, drug researchers have sought to elucidate mechanisms by which passionflower biochemicals provide relief.
In a key 2001 study, P. incarnata extract was compared with oxazepam, an early benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug, for efficacy against generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Shaheen Akhondzadeh and colleagues at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the Institute of Medicinal Plants (both in Tehran, Iran) treated 36 patients diagnosed with GAD with P. incarnata extract, oxazepam, or placebo in a 4-week trial.
The extract and the drug gave equally positive results. Oxazepam acted more rapidly, but it also impaired the subjects’ job performance whereas the extract did not. In the time since this report was issued, however, there is no record of US Food and Drug Administration filings for chrysin, harman, or passionflower extracts.
This discussion of anxiety remedies reminds us that today is the beginning of Mental Health Awareness Week.

Chemical properties

Off-White Solid

The Uses of HARMANE

Harman alkaloid like harmane, harmine, harmalol, harmaline obtained from Banisteriopsis caapi L. showed cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Candida albicans.

The Uses of HARMANE

  • Harmane was used in trace level determination of harmane by planar chromatography coupled with (tandem) mass spectrometry.
  • It was used to study interactions of norharman and harman with DNA.
  • It may be used as matrix for analysis of cyclodextrins and for sulfated oligosaccharides in combination with DHB as co-matrix.

What are the applications of Application

Harmane is an endogenous MAO-A and -B inhibitor (Order -CW for certified weight, analytical data, etc.)

Definition

ChEBI: An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, P ssiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 37, p. 1429, 1972 DOI: 10.1021/jo00974a030
Tetrahedron, 49, p. 3325, 1993 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90161-9

General Description

  • Harmane is a potent tremor-producing β-carboline alkaloid and neurotoxin.
  • It is major representative of heterocyclic aromatic amines, a group of mutagenic and carcinogenic substances which are formed in meat from the precursors creatine, creatinine, amino acids and sugars during the heating at high temperatures.
  • Blood harmane concentration is elevated in essential tremor, late-life neurological disease.

Biological Activity

Proposed as the endogenous ligand for imidazoline binding sites. Binds to I 1 -sites in rat kidney with an IC 50 of 31 nM, and I 2 -sites with a K i of 49 nM. In vivo, produces a dose-dependent hypotension that is reversed by efaroxan (2-(2-Ethyl-2,3-dihydro-2-benzofuranyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole hydrochloride ). Also a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidases A and B (I 50 values are 0.5 and 5 μ M respectively).

Biochem/physiol Actions

I1 imidazoline binding site agonist.

storage

Room temperature

Properties of HARMANE

Melting point: 235-238 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 305.62°C (rough estimate)
Density  1.1485 (rough estimate)
refractive index  1.6266 (estimate)
storage temp.  Store at RT
solubility  methanol: soluble50mg/ml
form  Solid
appearance white, light beige, or light yellow crystals or powder
pka 7.37, 14.6(at 25℃)
color  White to Dark Brown
Water Solubility  1523g/L(20 ºC)
Merck  13,4630
BRN  143898
CAS DataBase Reference 486-84-0(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety information for HARMANE

Signal word Warning
Pictogram(s)
ghs
Exclamation Mark
Irritant
GHS07
GHS Hazard Statements H302:Acute toxicity,oral
H315:Skin corrosion/irritation
H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation
H332:Acute toxicity,inhalation
H335:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure;Respiratory tract irritation
Precautionary Statement Codes P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Computed Descriptors for HARMANE

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