Halopemide

The Uses of Halopemide

Halopemide acts as a small molecule inhibitor for phospholipase D (PLD), an important phosphlipid metabolism regulator which may be useful in the therapeutic treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and other brain disorders.

The Uses of Halopemide

Antipsychotic.

The Uses of Halopemide

Halopemide, a non-specific phospholipase D (PLD) antagonist, may be used with selective PLD antagonists (CAY10593, a PLD1 antagonist; CAY10594 or ML298, selective PLD2 antagonist) to help define the role and physiological effects regulated by phospholipase D enzymes. Halopemide may be used as the basis of the design and development of more selective PLD antagonists.

What are the applications of Application

Halopemide is a dopamine inhibitor and phospholipase D2 inhibitor

Biological Activity

halopemide is a phospholipase d (pld) inhibitor.phospholipase d (pld) is a key enzyme for the production of phosphatidic acid, a lipid second messenger. phosphatidic acid involves in both g protein-coupled receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction networks.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Halopemide is a dopamine receptor antagonist and a phospholipase D2 inhibitor. Halopemide may be used as a screen to identify inhibitors of human PLD2 using an in vitro biochemical assay. It is also inhibitory at benzodiazepine binding sites.

in vitro

in a previous study, the ic50 of halopemide against pld2 was found to be similar to that previously reported, but the compound had no preference for pld2 over pld1 [1].

in vivo

animal study showed that the halopemide concentration in the rat brain was 10 times less than that of r29800, its chemical analog. however, the levels were the same in the pituitary gland. the highest level of halopemide was found to be in septal and thalamic areas while the neuroleptics were concentrated in the caudate nucleus. moreover, in the caudate nucleus, halopemide was far less particle-bound [2].

References

[1] scott, s. a.,selvy, p.e.,buck, j.r., et al. design of isoform-selective phospholipase d inhibitors that modulate cancer cell invasiveness. nature chemical biology 5(2), 108-117 (2009).
[2] loonen aj, van wijngaarden i, janssen pa, soudijn w. regional localization of halopemide, a new psychotropic agent, in the rat brain. eur j pharmacol. 1978 aug 15;50(4):403-8.
[3] de cuyper h, van praag hm, verstraeten d. the clinical significance of halopemide, a dopamine-blocker related to the butyrophenones. neuropsychobiology. 1984;12(4):211-6.