DL-Adrenalin

Absorption

To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for Epinephrine.

Toxicity

Oral LD50 of racepinephrine hydrochloride in mouse is 90 mg/kg .
Overdosage of epinephrine may cause extremely elevated arterial pressure, which may further lead to cerebrovascular hemorrhage, particularly in elderly patients. Peripheral vascular constriction in conjunction with cardiac stimulation may produce pulmonary oedema. Treatment consists of rapidly acting vasodilators or alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs and/or respiratory support. Transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia may also be observed, and may be accompanied by potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias. remature ventricular contractions may appear within one minute after injection and may be followed by multifocal ventricular tachycardia (prefibrillation rhythm). Subsidence of the ventricular effects may be followed by atrial tachycardia and occasionally by atrioventricular block. In case of arrhythmias, treatment should involve administration of a beta- adrenergic blocking drug such as propranolol. Overdosage may also produce extreme pallor and coldness of the skin, metabolic acidosis, and kidney failure, which should each be treated with suitable corrective measures .

Chemical properties

Solid

The Uses of DL-Adrenalin

DL-Adrenaline is a hormone and a neurotransmitter secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. In medicine DL-Adrenaline is used chiefly as a stimulant in cardiac arrest, as a vasoconstrictor in shock, and as a bronchodilator and antispasmodic in bronch

The Uses of DL-Adrenalin

Endogenous catcholamine with combined α-and β-agonist activity. Principal sympathomimetic hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. Bronchodilator; cardiostimulant; mydriatic; antiglaucoma.

The Uses of DL-Adrenalin

A hormone and neurotransmitter

Background

Racepinephrine is a racemic mixture consisting of d-Epinephrine and l-Epinephrine enantiomers. Epinephrine is a non-selective α- and β-adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a bronchodilator used in the temporary relief of mild symptoms of intermittent asthma including wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath. It is an active ingredient in oral inhalation over-the-counter products as racepinephrine hydrochloride.

Indications

Indicated for temporary relief of mild symptoms of intermittent asthma.

What are the applications of Application

(±)-Epinephrine is an adrenoceptor agonist

Definition

ChEBI: A catecholamine in which the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted at C-1 and methylated on nitrogen.

brand name

Vaponefrin (Fisons).

General Description

Odorless light brown or nearly white crystals.

Air & Water Reactions

Slightly water soluble .

Reactivity Profile

Light sensitive. Incompatible with heat, air, iron salts, and alkalis. . An aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Incompatible with heat, air, iron salts, and alkalis. .

Health Hazard

SYMPTOMS: Pallor, tremor, anxiety, nervousness, rapid, forceful pulse, rise in blood pressure and temperature, rapid breathing, dilation of the pupils.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for DL-Adrenalin are not available, however, DL-Adrenalin is probably combustible.

Pharmacokinetics

Epinephrine acts on α- and β-adrenergic receptors. When given subcutaneously or intramuscularly, epinephrine has a rapid onset and short duration of action . Epinephrine induces bronchial smooth muscle relaxation to relieve respiratory distress in asthma. In a clinical trial of paediatric patients with bronchiolitis, administration of aerosolized racemic epinephrine via inhalation resulted in improved clinical symptoms such as wheezing and retractions . The clinical efficacy of racemic epinephrine was comparable to that of salbutamol or albuterol, which are commonly used bronchodilators .

Metabolism

To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for Epinephrine.