Cypermethrin

Description

Form: Odorless crystals (pure); yellow-brown viscous semisolid at ambient temperatures (technical grade).
Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. It was first synthesized in 1974.
Cypermethrin is a synthetic chemical similar to the pyrethrins in pyrethrum extract (which comes from the chrysanthemum plant). Pyrethroids, including cypermethrin were designed to be effective longer than pyrethrins.

Description

Cypermethrin is a type II pyrethroid insecticide. It prolongs opening of sodium channels resulting in membrane depolarization and a conductance block of the insect nervous system, and point mutations in sodium channels induce cypermethrin-resistance in house flies, cockroaches, and mosquitos. Cypermethrin (1-1.5 mg) reduces survival of ticks (H. anatolicum) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Topical administration of cypermethrin reduces the number of ticks on infested cattle. Cypermethrin (5 and 10 ppm) reduces survival of lice (D. ovis) in sheep fleece and prevents re-infestation in contact-challenged sheep for 7 and 19 weeks, respectively. It induces developmental neurotoxicities in zebrafish, increasing mortality and edema and inducing body-axis curvature when used at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 μg/L. Cypermethrin (15 mg/kg twice weekly for 24 weeks) also induces Parkinson''s disease-like neurodegeneration in rats, decreasing locomotor activity, dopamine production, and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH⁺) neurons in the substantia nigra.

Chemical properties

Viscous Semisolid

Chemical properties

Thick, yellow-brown liquid or semisolid mass (technical product).

The Uses of Cypermethrin

Zeta-cypermethrin is used for the control of Lepidoptera, beetles and aphids in cotton, fruit, vegetables, field crops, ornamentals and forestry. It is also used in public health.

The Uses of Cypermethrin

Synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, usually exists as a mixture of cis and trans isomers. Ectoparasiticide

The Uses of Cypermethrin

A potent inhibitor of calcineurin

What are the applications of Application

Cypermethrin, liquid is Cypermethrin is a potent inhibitor of PP2B-Aα calcineurin.

What are the applications of Application

Cypermethrin, solid is a potent inhibitor of calcineurin

Definition

ChEBI: A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.

Agricultural Uses

Insecticide: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) used to control a variety of insects on cotton, fruit and vegetable crops. Also used in commercial and residential settings, ships, laboratories and food processing plants.

Trade name

AMMO®; AGROTHRIN®; ARDAP®; ARRIVO®; AVICADE®; BARRICADE®; CCN52®; CNN 52®; CYMBUSH® 2E; CYMBUSH® 3E; CYMPERATOR®; CYNOFF®; CYPERCARE®; CYPERSECT®; CYPERKILL®; CYRUX®; DEMON®; DORSAN-C® (+cypermethrin); DYSECT®; FASTAC®; FLECTRON®; FMC® 30980; FMC 45497; FMC® 45806; FOLCORD®; IMPERATOR®; JF 5705 F®; KAFIL® SUPER; KENCIS®; NAGATA®; NRDC 149®; NRDC 160®; NRDC 166®; NURELLE; POLYTRIN®; PERMASECT C®; PP383®; PREVAIL®; RALO 10®; RIPCORD®; ROCYPER®; RYCOPEL®; SHERPA®; SIPERIN®; STOCKADE®; SUPERSECT®; TOPCLIPPARASOL®; USTAAD®; WL 43467®; WRDC149®

Biological Activity

Type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide; an extremely potent, cell-permeable inhibitor of calcineurin.

Contact allergens

Pyrethroids, also called pyrethrinoids, are neurotoxic synthetic compounds used as insecticides, with irritant properties. Cypermethrin and fenvalerate have been reported as causing positive allergic patch tests, but only fenvalerate was relevant in an agricultural worker.

Potential Exposure

Pyrethroid insecticide used to control pests on cotton, fruit, and vegetable crops. Also used in commercial and residential settings, ships, laboratories, and food-processing plants. A United States Environmental Protection Agency Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP).

Environmental Fate

Soil. The major soil metabolite was reported to be 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
The typical half-life of cypermethrin in the soil is 30 days, although it can range from two to eight weeks (6, 9). Soil microbes rapidly break down cypermethrin.
Cypermethrin has an extremely low potential to move in the soil. It is unlikely to contaminate groundwater because it binds tightly to soil particles. Cypermethrin is stable in sunlight.
The average half-life of cypermethrin on foliage is 5 days.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1989). Cypermethrin Pesticide Fact Sheet. Washington, D.C.
Knisel, W.G. (Ed.). (1993). Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems. (Version 2.10). [Online]. Tifton, Georgia: United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service. [Online]. http://www.arsusda.gov/ rsml/ppdb.html

Metabolic pathway

In cabbage plants, (1R)-cis- and (1R)-trans-isomers of cypermethrin undergo epimerization to (1S)-isomers, cis=trans isomerization, ester bond cleavage, hydroxylation of the phenoxy group in the alcohol moiety or the geminal methyl group in the acid moiety, hydration of the cyano group to an amido group with subsequent hydrolysis to the carboxylic acid, and the conjugation of the carboxylic acid, and alcohols with sugars.

storage

+4°C

Shipping

UN3349 Pyrethroid pesticide, solid toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material. UN3352 Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Degradation

Zeta-cypermethrin is stable as a solid but it is readily hydrolysed at alkaline pH. Its half-lives at pH values 7 and 9 (25 °C) were 188-635 and 3 days (PM). By analogy with cypermethrin, the major products should be 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylica cid (2, DCVA), 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (9, 3PBAl) and a-carbamoyl-3- phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (the amide 3); minor products expected are the a-carboxy analogue of 3 (4) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (10,3PBA) (see cypermethrin, Schemes la and lb).
Photodecomposition would be expected to be similar to that of cypermethrin. In aqueous solution the DTSo was reported to be 20-36 days (PM).

Toxicity evaluation

Acute oral LD₅₀ for rats: 250-4,150 mg/kg (pure); 7,180 mg/kg (technical grade)

Incompatibilities

May react violently with strong oxidi- zers, bromine, 90% hydrogen peroxide, phosphorus trichloride, silver powders, or dust. Incompatible with silver compounds. Mixture with some silver compounds forms explosive salts of silver oxalate.

Waste Disposal

Incineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed with large amounts of combustible material and contact with the smoke should be avoided. In accordance with 40 CFR 165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pes- ticides and pesticide containers.