Camphene

Description

Camphene is a terpene that occurs in one or both of its enantiomeric forms in a variety of essential oils, including turpentine, cypress oil, bergamot oil, and valerian. The essential oil derived from common nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) contains 60–80% of (+)- or (1R,4S)-camphene. Nutmeg, of course, is a key ingredient of eggnog, a favorite libation during the holidays. Happy quaffing!

Description

Camphene is a colorless to white crystallinesolid with camphor-like odor. It may be shipped as a liquid.Freezing/Melting point=50℃. Molecular weight=136.24;Boiling point=159℃; Melting point=37℃; Flashpoint=42℃ (oc); 33℃ (cc). Hazard Identification (basedon NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 2, Flammability 3,Reactivity 0. Insoluble in water.

Chemical properties

WHITE CRYSTALLINE LOW MELTING SOLID

Chemical properties

Camphene is a colorless to white crystalline solid, Camphor, or turpentine odor. It may be shipped as a liquid. Freezing/Melting point 5 50C.

Chemical properties

Camphene has a terpene, camphoraceous taste.

Occurrence

Reported found in carrot, dill, fennel, marjoram, nutmeg, parsley, pepper, tarragon and thyme.

The Uses of Camphene

Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring.

The Uses of Camphene

Manufacture of synthetic camphor, camphor substitute.

Definition

ChEBI: A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils.

Preparation

From pinene by catalytic isomerization or from bornyl chloride by heating with alkali in the presence of abietenesulfonic acid.

Aroma threshold values

Detection at 10%: camphoraceous, cooling, piney woody with terphy nuances. It has citrus and green minty and green spicy notes.

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 50–100 ppm: camphoraceous, cooling, minty, with citrus and green spicy nuances.

General Description

A colorless to white crystalline solid with an insipid camphor-like odor. Dust and crystals are irritants to the eyes, nose and throat. Emits flammable vapors when heated. Emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes at high temperature. Used for the manufacture of synthetic camphor.

Reactivity Profile

Camphene may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas.

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion.

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

Flammability and Explosibility

Flammable

Pharmacology

Oral administration of camphene (260 mmols/kg) to rats increased bile flow by 50% 4 hr after administration (M?rsdorf, 1966). Development of atheromatosis of the aorta in rabbits fed 1 g cholesterol/day for 3 months was considerably inhibited by simultaneous administration of a mixture of terpenes including camphene, injected sc in a dose of 1 ml every other day for 6 wk and then given orally in doses of 2 ml/day (Benk?, Macher, Szarvas & Tiboldi, 1961). The effect of 1 g cholesterol/day for 8 wk in the diet of rabbits in increasing the number and volume of mast cells in the aortic adventitia and increasing the total lipid content of the aortic wall was slightly enhanced by the simultaneous addition of 11 g camphene/day (Lesznyak, Benko, Szabo & Muller, 1972). This camphene treatment also decreased the lipid accumulation in the liver, but had no effect on the cholesterol-induced atheromatosis of the aorta (Benko, Szabo, Muller & Lesznyak, 1972).

Anticancer Research

This was tested against melanoma cells in a syngeneic model, and there was promisingantitumor activity (Ma et al. 2016).

Safety Profile

Mutation data reported. Combustible; yields flammable vapors when heated and can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water spray, foam, fog, CO2. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Potential Exposure

Camphene is used to manufacture synthetic camphor; for making moth-proofing and in the cosmetics, perfume, and food flavoring industries.

First aid

f this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at leastCamphene 54715 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

storage

Color Code—Red: Flammability Hazard: Storein a flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinetaway from ignition sources and corrosive and reactivematerials. Prior to working with camphene you shouldbe trained on its proper handling and storage. Camphenemust be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers(such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) since violentreactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in acool, well-ventilated area. Sources of ignition, such assmoking and open flames, are prohibited where Campheneis used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create apotential fire or explosion hazard. Use only nonsparkingtools and equipment, especially when opening and closingcontainers of camphene.

Shipping

UN1325 Flammable solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid. UN2319 Terpene hydrocarbons, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3- Flammable liquid

Incompatibilities

Forms explosive mixture with air. Emulsions in xylene may violently decompose on contact with iron or aluminum above 70C. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Contact with reducing agents may cause exothermic reaction, releasing flammable hydrogen gas

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.