Arformoterol tartrate

Description

Sepracor’s Brovana®, a nebulized long acting bronchodilator, was launched in the U.S. in April 2007. The β2- adrenoceptor agonist is indicated for the twice-daily, longtermmaintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is the first long-acting nebulized bronchodilator approved by the FDA for this indication.

Description

Aformoterol is the (R,R)-enantiomer of the β₂-adrenergic receptor (β₂-AR) agonist formoterol . It selectively binds to β₁- over β₂-ARs (K_ds = 2.9 and 113 nM, respectively) as well as β₃-adrenergic, B₂ bradykinin, neurokinin 1 (NK₁) and NK₂ receptors when used at concentrations up to 3 μM. Aformoterol induces cAMP accumulation in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. Ex vivo, aformoterol (0.01-1,000 nM) induces dose-dependent relaxation of guinea pig tracheal strips precontracted with carbamoylcholine , ovalbumin, or histamine (pD₂s = 8.4, 9.5, and 9.5, respectively). In vivo, aformoterol reverses histamine- and ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs (ED₅₀s = 1 and 40 nmol/kg, respectively). Formulations containing aformoterol have been used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The Uses of Arformoterol tartrate

Arformoterol Tartrate, can be used in the synthesis of Omeprazole (O635000), which is a proton pump inhibitor, that inhibits gasteric secretion, also used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, etc. It is also the impurity of Esomeprazole Magnesium (E668300), which is the S-form of Omeprazole, and is a gastric proton-pump inhibitor. Also, It can be used for the preparation of olodaterol, a novel inhaled β2-adrenoceptor agonist with a 24h bronchodilatory efficacy.

The Uses of Arformoterol tartrate

Anti-asthmatic and bronchodilator.

Synthesis

There are several reports on the synthesis of arformoterol. A large-scale synthesis of enantio/diastereomerically pure (R,R)-formoterol is cited here. Bromoalcohol 22 was synthesized in 84% yield with 94% e.e. through the catalytic enantioselective reduction of bromo ketone 21. The nitro functional group in 22 was reduced in quantitative yield by hydrogena-tion in the presence of Adams catalyst and the resulting aniline was isolated by filtration of the catalyst and removal of the solvent. In order to avoid auto-oxidation, the aniline was treated with a mixture of formic acid and acetic anhydride immediately after the removal of the platinum catalyst. Upon concentrating the reaction mixture, bromohydrin 23 crystallized and could be isolated in 75% yield with 98.6% e.e. It was further enriched to >99.5% e.e. by a single re-crystallization from ethylacetate. Next, a mixture of bromohydrin 23 and amine salt (R)-26-(S)-mandelic acid was treated with K2CO3 resulting in generation of the corresponding epoxide of 23 and liberation of the free base of (R)-26. After an aqueous work up to remove salts and mandelic acid, the reaction mixture was heated to 120??C to affect epoxide opening with the amine of 26. Removal of the benzyl protecting groups of the resulting crude product via catalytic hydrogenation followed by salt formation with tartaric acid afforded arformoterol tartrate (III) in 70% yield upon crystallization.

storage

Store at +4°C