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HomeProduct name list4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

Synonym(s):DAPI dihydrochloride;DAPI Dye;DAPI Stain;DNA Content Counterstain;2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride

  • CAS NO.:28718-90-3
  • Empirical Formula: C16H16ClN5
  • Molecular Weight: 313.79
  • MDL number: MFCD00012681
  • EINECS: 249-186-7
  • SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
  • Update Date: 2024-11-07 21:39:59
4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride Structural

What is 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride?

Description

DAPI is a fluorescent probe which is commonly used to stain DNA and chromosomes for fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry applications. It forms a fluorescent complex by attaching in the minor groove of A-T rich sequences of DNA. DAPI is often used as a counterstain, as its ultraviolet (max 358 nm) excitation and blue (max 461 nm) emission wavelengths separate it nicely from many popular primary fluorophores. It can be used on either fixed or live cells, although its low permeability in live cells demands that higher concentrations be used.

Chemical properties

Yellow Solid

The Uses of 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride is used as a cell-permeable DNA-binding dye. Binds preferentially to DNA rich in adenine and thymine.It is used in flow cytometry for measuring nuclear DNA content or for sorting isolated chromosomes.

The Uses of 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

DAPI is used for photofootprinting of DNA, to detect annealed probes in blotting applications by specifically visualizing the double-stranded complex and as a cell permeable fluorescent minor groove-binding probe for DNA. For staining DNA in agarose gels

The Uses of 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

Suitable for

  • DNA staining in agarose gels
  • analysis of changes in DNA during apoptosis
  • detection of mycoplasma
  • photofootprinting of DNA
  • immunofluorescent staining of cells

DAPI has been used:-
  • in rapid monitoring of microbial contamination
  • in chromosomal banding technique
  • in detection of apoptotic cells
  • in fluorescence microscopy to track the DisA (DNA integritiy scanning protein) movement on Bacillus subtilis DNA
  • to stain mature pollen grains(0.5 mg/ml)

What are the applications of Application

DAPI? is a cell-permeable DNA-binding dye preferential to adenine and thymine rich DNA and can be used for flow cytometry

General Description

DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a blue fluorescent nucleic acid stain that fluoresces brightly upon selectively binding to the minor groove of double stranded DNA. Its selectivity for DNA and high cell permeability allows efficient staining of nuclei with little background from the cytoplasm. The excitation and emission wavelengths of DAPI-DNA complex are 360 nm and 460 nm, respectively.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Cell permeable fluorescent minor groove-binding probe for DNA. Binds to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA (preferentially to AT rich DNA), forming a stable complex which fluoresces approximately 20 times greater than DAPI alone.

storage

-20°C

References

[1] W. C. RUSSELL D. H W CAROL NEWMAN. A simple cytochemical technique for demonstration of DNA in cells infected with mycoplasmas and viruses[J]. Nature, 1975, 253 5491: 461-462. DOI:10.1038/253461a0.
[2] BETTY I. TARNOWSKI James H N F Spinale. DAPI as a useful stain for nuclear quantitation.[J]. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 1991, 22 1: 297-302. DOI:10.3109/10520299109109990.
[3] ANA KATRINA ESTANDARTE. The use of DAPI fluorescence lifetime imaging for investigating chromatin condensation in human chromosomes.[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016: 31417. DOI:10.1038/srep31417.

Properties of 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

Melting point: >300°C (dec.)
storage temp.  2-8°C
solubility  H2O: 10 mg/mL heat or sonication may be required. Solutions stored in the dark at room temperature or 4 °C should be stable for 2 to 3 weeks.
form  powder
color  Clear
PH 4.0-5.0 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
λmax 358 nm, 342 nm
BRN  4894417
Stability: PROTECT FROM LIGHT! Stable for 2 years as supplied. Solutions in DMSO may be aliquoted and stored at -20°C for up to 3 months.
Biological Applications Nuclear apoptosis assay; targeting drug to cerebral neuron; treating amyloidosis,neurodegenerative diseases,Alzheimer’s disease,Down’s syndrome,type II diabetes; monitoring bioaerosols
CAS DataBase Reference 28718-90-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

Safety information for 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

Signal word Warning
Pictogram(s)
ghs
Exclamation Mark
Irritant
GHS07
GHS Hazard Statements H315:Skin corrosion/irritation
H317:Sensitisation, Skin
H335:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure;Respiratory tract irritation
Precautionary Statement Codes P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P271:Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272:Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P302+P352:IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

Computed Descriptors for 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride

InChIKey FPNZBYLXNYPRLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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