CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Physical Description | Toxaphene is a yellow, waxy solid with a pleasant piney odor. Used as an insecticide, primarily for cotton and early growth stages of vegetables. Also peas, soybeans, peanut, corn, and wheat. Not produced commercially in the U.S. since 1982. Only registered for scabies control on cattle in the U.S. (EPA, 1998) |
|---|---|
| Color/Form | Yellow waxy solid. |
| Odor | Pleasant piney odor |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes (NTP, 1992) |
| Melting Point | 149 to 194 °F (EPA, 1998) |
| Flash Point | 84 °F (EPA, 1998) |
| Solubility | less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992) |
| Density | 1.65 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink |
| Vapor Density | 14.3 (air= 1) |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.4 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998) |
| LogP | The median log Kow for toxaphene is 5.90. |
| Henry's Law Constant | Henry's Law constant= 6.00X10-6 atm cu m/ mole @ 20 °C |
| Stability/Shelf Life | DEHYDROCHLORINATES IN PRESENCE OF ALKALI, PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT & AT TEMPERATURES ABOUT 155 °C |
| Autoignition Temperature | 986 °F (USCG, 1999) |
| Corrosivity | Noncorrosive in the absence of moisture |
| Odor Threshold | 1.40x10-1 ppm (Medium: water; purity: not specified) |
| Other Experimental Properties | The commercial product is relatively stable but may be degraded by losing hydrogen chloride or chlorine upon prolonged exposure to sunlight, alkali, or high temperatures above 120 °C. Toxaphene and its components may be dechlorinated by reaction with tin hydrides. |
| Chemical Classes | Pesticides -> Organochlorine Pesticides |
SAFETY INFORMATION
| Signal word | Danger |
|---|---|
| Pictogram(s) |
 Flame Flammables GHS02  Skull and Crossbones Acute Toxicity GHS06  Health Hazard GHS08  Environment GHS09 |
| GHS Hazard Statements |
H225:Flammable liquids H370:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure H411:Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard |
| Precautionary Statement Codes |
P210:Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P370+P378:In case of fire: Use … for extinction. P403+P235:Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
COMPUTED DESCRIPTORS
| Molecular Weight | 411.8 g/mol |
|---|---|
| XLogP3 | 4.7 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 0 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 2 |
| Exact Mass | 411.807522 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 407.813422 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 0 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 18 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 403 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 4 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized | Yes |
PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
description
Toxaphene was one of the most heavily used pesticides in the United States in the 1970s and early 1980s. It was used primarily to control insect pests on cotton and other crops in the southern United States. Other uses included controlling insect pests on livestock and killing unwanted fish in lakes. Toxaphene was banned for all registered uses by 1990. Toxaphene is made by reacting chlorine gas with a substance called camphene. The resulting product (toxaphene) is a mixture of hundreds of different chlorinated camphenes and related chemicals.