CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Physical Description | Solid |
|---|---|
| Color/Form | Prisms |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Bitter |
| Boiling Point | 190ºC |
| Melting Point | 255 °C |
| Solubility | 149 mg/L (at 20 °C) |
| Density | 1.32 at 20 °C/4 °C |
| LogP | 0.87 |
| Stability/Shelf Life | When exposed to air, morphine sulfate gradually loses its water of hydration. The drug darkens on prolonged exposure to light. |
| Optical Rotation | Yellowish-white powder; slight acetic odor. Specific optical rotation (15 °C): 77 deg (water). One g dissolves in 2.25 m: water, 2 m\L boiling water, 22 mL alcohol, 2 mL alcohol at 60 °C, 4.5 mL glycerol, 4.75 mL chloroform. Practically insoluble in ether. /Acetate trihydrate/ |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxide/. |
| pH | pH of saturated solution: 8.5 |
| Dissociation Constants | 8.18 |
| Collision Cross Section | 164 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: Major Mix IMS/Tof Calibration Kit (Waters)] |
| Other Experimental Properties | Occurs as the trihydrate. White flakes or crystalline powder; bitter taste. Loses its water of crystallization at about 100 °C and usually becomes yellowish. MP: about 200 °C (decomposes). Specific optical rotation: -113.5 deg at 25 °C/D (c = 2.2 in H2O). One gram dissolves in 17.5 mL water, 0.5 mL boiling water, 52 mL alcohol, 6 mL alcohol at 60 °C; slowly soluble in glycerol. Insoluble in chloroform, ether. pH about 5 /Morphine hydrochloride/ |
| Chemical Classes | Biological Agents -> Plant Toxins |
SAFETY INFORMATION
| Signal word | Danger |
|---|---|
| Pictogram(s) |
 Flame Flammables GHS02  Skull and Crossbones Acute Toxicity GHS06  Health Hazard GHS08 |
| GHS Hazard Statements |
H225:Flammable liquids H370:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure |
| Precautionary Statement Codes |
P210:Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P370+P378:In case of fire: Use … for extinction. P403+P235:Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
COMPUTED DESCRIPTORS
| Molecular Weight | 285.34 g/mol |
|---|---|
| XLogP3 | 0.8 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 285.13649347 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 285.13649347 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 52.9 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 21 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 494 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 5 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized | Yes |
PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
description
Morphine is a morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy). It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a vasodilator agent, an anaesthetic, a drug allergen and a geroprotector. It is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a tertiary amino compound and a morphinane alkaloid. It is a conjugate base of a morphine(1+). It derives from a hydride of a morphinan.