Theobromine
Synonym(s):2,6-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylpurine;3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione;3,7-Dimethylxanthine;Theobromine
- CAS NO.:83-67-0
- Empirical Formula: C7H8N4O2
- Molecular Weight: 180.16
- MDL number: MFCD00022830
- EINECS: 201-494-2
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2024-04-24 17:21:45
What is Theobromine?
Description
Theobromine is a methylxanthine alkaloid and derivative of caffeine that has been found in cocoa beans and has diverse biological activities. It is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (IC50s = 200-280 μM in radioligand binding assays using rat brain membranes). Theobromine (150 μg/ml) increases AMPK phosphorylation and inhibits adipocyte differentiation, ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and IL-6 and TNF-α production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cultured in differentiation medium. It inhibits decreases in renal cortex SIRT1 activity and increases in NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as reduces kidney hypertrophy and albuminuria in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg per day. Theobromine is toxic to dogs with an LD50 value of 250 to 500 mg/kg.
Description
Theobromine is the primary alkaloid in chocolate—it gives unsweetened chocolate its bitter taste. It gets its name from the cacao tree genus?Theobroma, but it’s also found in tea leaves and kola nuts. A. Woskresensky discovered theobromine in cacao beans in 1841, and E. Fischer synthesized it in 1882. If you replace the nitrogen-bearing hydrogen group with a methyl group, you have caffeine.
The Uses of Theobromine
A metabolite of Caffeine
What are the applications of Application
Theobromine is a weak phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor blocker
Properties of Theobromine
Melting point: | 345-350 °C |
Boiling point: | 312.97°C (rough estimate) |
Density | 1.50 |
Flash point: | 290-295°C |
storage temp. | Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature |
solubility | H2O: slightly soluble |
form | solid |
color | white |
Water Solubility | slightly soluble, <0.1 g/100 mL at 18 ºC |
Safety information for Theobromine
Signal word | Warning |
Pictogram(s) |
Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07 Health Hazard GHS08 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H302:Acute toxicity,oral H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation H351:Carcinogenicity |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P201:Obtain special instructions before use. P202:Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P301+P312:IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing. P308+P313:IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
Computed Descriptors for Theobromine
InChIKey | YAPQBXQYLJRXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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