Iron

Absorption

The efficiency of absorption depends on the salt form, the amount administered, the dosing regimen and the size of iron stores. Subjects with normal iron stores absorb 10% to 35% of an iron dose. Those who are iron deficient may absorb up to 95% of an iron dose.

Toxicity

Acute iron overdosage can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, which occurs up to six hours after ingestion, the principal symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea. Other symptoms include hypotension, tachycardia and CNS depression ranging from lethargy to coma. The second phase may occur at 6-24 hours after ingestion and is characterized by a temporary remission. In the third phase, gastrointestinal symptoms recur accompanied by shock, metabolic acidosis, coma, hepatic necrosis and jaundice, hypoglycemia, renal failure and pulmonary edema. The fourth phase may occur several weeks after ingestion and is characterized by gastrointestinal obstruction and liver damage. In a young child, 75 milligrams per kilogram is considered extremely dangerous. A dose of 30 milligrams per kilogram can lead to symptoms of toxicity. Estimates of a lethal dosage range from 180 milligrams per kilogram and upwards. A peak serum iron concentration of five micrograms or more per ml is associated with moderate to severe poisoning in many.

Description

Carbonyl iron is elemental iron produced by the decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl as a dark gray powder. When viewed under a microscope having a magnifying power of 500 diameters or greater, it appears as spheres built up with concentric shells. It is stable in dry air.

Description

Iron powder serves as a catalyst in a wide variety of reactions.

The Uses of Iron

To a solution of the SM (70 g, 386 mmol) in AcOH (100 mL) and absolute EtOH (400 mL) was slowly added iron powder (40 g). The reaction was cooled in an ice-H2O bath and treated with conc. HCl (1 mL). The addition was exothermic. The reaction was heated to reflux for 20 min, after which time it was allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate concentrated to a thick oil. The resulting oil was partitioned between EtOAc (500 mL) and H2O (200 mL) and basified to pH 10 using 6N NaOH. The mixture was filtered through celite. The org layer was separated and washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 100 mL), H2O (2 x 100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated to provide the product. [37.2 g, 64%]

The Uses of Iron

Iron is a mineral used in food fortification that is necessary for the prevention of anemia, which reduces the hemoglobin concentra- tion and thus the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues. sources include ferric ammonium sulfate, chloride, fructose, glycerophos- phate, nitrate, phosphate, pyrophosphate and ferrous ammonium sulfate, citrate, sulfate, and sodium iron edta. the ferric form (fe3+) is iron in the highest valence state and the ferrous form (fe2+) is iron in a lower valence state. the iron source should not discolor or add taste and should be stable. iron powders produce low discoloration and rancidity. it is used for fortification in flour, baked goods, pasta, and cereal products.

Background

A metallic element found in certain minerals, in nearly all soils, and in mineral waters. It is an essential constituent of hemoglobin, cytochrome, and other components of respiratory enzyme systems. Its chief functions are in the transport of oxygen to tissue (hemoglobin) and in cellular oxidation mechanisms. Depletion of iron stores may result in iron-deficiency anemia. Iron is used to build up the blood in anemia.

Indications

Used in preventing and treating iron-deficiency anemia.

What are the applications of Application

Iron is a common metal

Pharmacokinetics

The major activity of supplemental iron is in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Iron has putative immune-enhancing, anticarcinogenic and cognition-enhancing activities.

Metabolism

Not Available